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Francesco Morosini

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Francesco Morosini was a prominent military leader and political figure from Venice. He was born on February 26, 1619, into the Morosini family. This family was part of the Venetian nobility. The Morosini family produced many different doges and generals over time. Morosini eventually rose to the highest office in Venice. He served as the Doge from 1688 until his death in 1694. His leadership occurred during the height of the Great Turkish War.

Silver medal in honour of Francesco Morosini, 1688
Silver medal in honour of Francesco Morosini, 1688

Morosini first gained fame as the Captain-General of Venetian forces. He led troops during the siege of Candia on the island of Crete. This conflict was against the Ottoman Empire. After the siege, he was forced to surrender the city. Upon his return to Venice, he faced serious accusations. People accused him of cowardice and treason. However, he underwent a brief trial and was acquitted of these charges. This allowed him to continue his military career.

In 1685, the Morean War began. Morosini took command of a Venetian fleet to fight the Ottomans. He worked alongside a commander named Otto Wilhelm Königsmarck. Together, they achieved several military successes. They captured the Morea and the island of Lefkada. They also took control of parts of western Greece. Morosini even briefly captured the city of Athens. For these victories, he was given the special title Peloponnesiacus.

Lazzarini, Gregorio - Merit Offers the Command to Doge Morosini - 1694
Lazzarini, Gregorio - Merit Offers the Command to Doge Morosini - 1694

During the operations in Athens, a major historical event occurred at the Parthenon. The Parthenon is an ancient temple on the Acropolis. The Ottoman Army had been using the building as a gunpowder magazine. On September 26, 1687, a Venetian mortar hit the edifice. The shot ignited the stored gunpowder. This caused a massive explosion. This event resulted in the greatest destruction in the history of the Parthenon. While a Swedish commander felt dismayed by the loss, Morosini called it a "fortunate shot" in his report.

Lazzarini, Gregorio - Merit Offers the Command to Doge Morosini - 1694
Lazzarini, Gregorio - Merit Offers the Command to Doge Morosini - 1694

Morosini also attempted to remove art from the ancient site. In early 1688, he tried to loot sculptures from the western pediment. These sculptures depicted the horses and chariots of Athena and Poseidon. During the attempt, the sculptures fell and smashed on the ground. This was the first documented attempt to remove sculptures from the pediments. He also took the Piraeus Lion as a war trophy. He brought this trophy back to the Venetian Arsenal. The Ottoman Empire regained control of the Parthenon the following year.

Morosini's political and military life continued as he became the Doge of Venice in 1688. He attempted to attack Negroponte during the summer of that year. However, he could not capture the location. He was forced to return to Venice because a plague broke out among his troops. He went on one final campaign in 1693. This campaign was also unsuccessful in taking Negroponte. He returned to Venice after sacking some minor coastal towns.

Silver medal in honour of Francesco Morosini, 1688
Silver medal in honour of Francesco Morosini, 1688

Morosini died on January 16, 1694. The people of Venice honored him in several ways. A large marble arch was placed at the Doge's Palace in his honor. He was also known for his affection for his cat, Nini. Nini was embalmed along with a mouse that was between her paws. These two are still on display at the Museo Correr in Venice. His legacy lives on through many namesakes. The Scuola Navale Militare Francesco Morosini is a naval school named for him. Several ships were also named after him during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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