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Flag of Mexico

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The national flag of Mexico is a vertical tricolour consisting of three stripes: green, white, and red.

Flag of Mexico on pole
Flag of Mexico on pole

In the center of the white stripe sits the Mexican coat of arms. This emblem is a symbol of the nation's deep history and identity. The colors themselves have shifted in meaning over time. Today, they are closely linked to the colors of the Mexican national army. The flag serves as a visual representation of the country's journey toward sovereignty and independence.

Coat of arms of Mexico
Coat of arms of Mexico

The central emblem is based on an ancient Aztec symbol for Tenochtitlan. Tenochtitlan was the center of the Aztec Empire and is the site of modern-day Mexico City.

Founding of Tenochtitlan
Founding of Tenochtitlan

The design recalls a specific legend used to guide the Aztecs. According to the story, they were to found their city where they saw a golden eagle sitting on a cactus while devouring a serpent. This powerful image connects the modern Mexican state to its indigenous roots. It transforms a historical legend into a permanent national symbol. The coat of arms is carefully regulated by law to ensure its accuracy.

Before the modern flag was established, many different banners were used during the War of Independence. Many historians consider the Standard of the Virgin of Guadalupe to be the first Mexican flag. It was carried by Miguel Hidalgo on 16 September 1810.

Flag of the Three Guarantees
Flag of the Three Guarantees

Other groups used different designs, such as the Revolutionary Army's flag with white, blue, and red stripes. The first appearance of the green, white, and red tricolour occurred with the Army of the Three Guarantees. This unified force helped secure independence from Spain. These colors became the foundation for all future national versions.

The first official national flag was decreed by Agustín de Iturbide in November 1821.

It was first used officially in July 1822 during the First Mexican Empire. When the empire ended and the first federal republic was established in 1823, the flag changed. The new version removed the crown from the eagle's head. A serpent was added to the eagle's right talon. Designers also added oak and laurel branches to the emblem. These changes reflected the shift from a monarchy to a republic.

During the period of the Second Mexican Empire, the flag underwent further transformations. Emperor Maximilian ordered a design that included a different aspect ratio of 1:2.

This version featured four crowned eagles at each corner of the flag. Maximilian wanted the design to have a "Mexican flavour" while resembling French imperial arms. This version was used until the dissolution of the republic in 1864. Each era of Mexican history has left its mark on the flag's evolution. The design continues to reflect the political structures of the time.

The current version of the flag is an adaptation of a design from 1916. President Venustiano Carranza changed the eagle from a front-facing position to a side-facing position.

Flag of Mexico (reverse)
Flag of Mexico (reverse)

This specific design was officially adopted on 16 September 1968. This timing coincided with Mexico City hosting the 1968 Summer Olympic Games. The design was later confirmed by law on 24 February 1984. This law also addressed how the coat of arms should appear on the reverse side. To solve display issues, a law was passed allowing the eagle to face right on the reverse.

There are interesting technical details regarding the flag's appearance and its relationship to other nations. While the law does not define exact shades, the Interior Ministry has suggested specific Pantone tones. The Mexican flag is also distinct from the Italian flag, which uses similar colours. The Mexican flag has a longer aspect ratio of 4:7, whereas the Italian flag is 2:3.

Mexico Italy flag differences
Mexico Italy flag differences

In the past, the lack of a coat of arms on Mexican merchant ships caused confusion with Italian vessels. This led to the adoption of specific naval flags to ensure they could be told apart at sea.

Today, the flag is treated with great respect through various protocols. On 24 February, Mexico celebrates Flag Day to honor the unification of the Army of the Three Guarantees.

Civil Salute Mexican Flag
Civil Salute Mexican Flag

During ceremonies, civilians perform the "civil salute" by standing at attention and placing their right hand over their heart. The palm must face the ground. The flag is also flown at half-mast to honor the deaths of important citizens. It remains a central symbol of unity, freedom, and justice for all Mexicans.

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🖼️ Images & Media (14)
File:Bandera_de_Allende_anverso_y_reverso_Cruz.svg
Bandera_de_Allende_anverso_y_reverso_Cruz.svg
File:Flag of the Three Guarantees.svg
Flag of the Three Guarantees.svg
File:Bandera del Primer Imperio Mexicano.svg
Bandera del Primer Imperio Mexicano.svg
File:Banderas Mexicanas.JPG
Banderas Mexicanas.JPG
File:Flag of Mexico on pole.jpg
Flag of Mexico on pole.jpg
File:Consulado General de México - Houston, Texas, USA (2024).jpg
Consulado General de México - Houston,...
File:Flag of Mexico (reverse).svg
Flag of Mexico (reverse).svg
File:Mexico flag construction sheet.svg
Mexico flag construction sheet.svg
File:Coat of arms of Mexico.svg
Coat of arms of Mexico.svg
File:Mexico Italy flag differences.gif
Mexico Italy flag differences.gif
File:Civil Salute Mexican Flag.jpg
Civil Salute Mexican Flag.jpg
File:Founding of Tenochtitlan.jpg
Founding of Tenochtitlan.jpg

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