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Feng shui

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Feng shui is a traditional form of Chinese geomancy. The term literally translates to "wind-water," referring to fluid movement. It is a system used to study how landscapes and water shapes direct the flow of qi. Qi is described as a cosmic current or universal energy.

Taipei.101.fountain.altonthompson
Taipei.101.fountain.altonthompson

By managing this energy, practitioners aim to optimize human fortune. The ultimate goal is to reach a state of shū fú, which means harmony with the universe. This practice suggests that an external environment can directly affect a person's internal state.

The mechanism of feng shui relies on several core theoretical frameworks. One primary concept is polarity, expressed through the theory of yin and yang. This idea posits that everything consists of two parts: one that exerts and one that receives.

Sycee-Incense
Sycee-Incense

Another essential framework is the five phase theory, also called the five element theory. This involves the forces of metal, earth, fire, water, and wood. These are not just substances but essential forces for human life. Practitioners also use the bagua, which are eight diagrams used to organize space. These diagrams are linked to ancient astronomical charts like the Lo River and Yellow River charts.

Feng shui incorporates many different dimensions of study. It includes astronomical, astrological, and cosmological elements. It also relies on geographical, topographical, and architectural dimensions.

La-chinatown-spiral
La-chinatown-spiral

Historically, these rules were applied to many different types of structures. This included dwellings, palaces, and spiritually significant sites like tombs. The practice is also deeply tied to ancestor worship. Many practitioners believe that the spirits of ancestors affect the material world. Therefore, finding suitable burial places helps placate these intangible forces.

The history of feng shui stretches back thousands of years to Neolithic China. The Yangshao and Hongshan cultures provide the earliest evidence of its use. Before the invention of the magnetic compass, people used astronomy to align their lives. For example, in 4000 BC, dwellings in Banpo were aligned with the Yingshi asterism. This alignment allowed for solar gain during the winter solstice.

Other ancient sites, like the Puyang grave from 4000 BC, used star maps to orient tombs. These early practices suggest that the concept of heaven being round and earth being square existed very early.

As Chinese civilization developed, feng shui became a formal part of governance. During the Han dynasty, court officials conducted assessments for imperial sites. This institutional use reached its peak during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Qintianjian, or Imperial Astronomical Bureau, employed specialists to manage these tasks.

Major projects like the Forbidden City followed strict geomantic conventions. The north-south alignment of the city reflected these classical rules. Using feng shui helped rulers demonstrate they held the Mandate of Heaven.

Instruments have evolved significantly throughout the history of the practice. Early practitioners might have used a gnomon to study shadows. They also used liuren astrolabes, which were two-sided boards with astronomical sightlines. These boards were used to chart the motion of the Pole star. Later, the magnetic compass became a central tool. This led to the development of the luopan, a specialized feng shui compass. Unlike the South-pointing chariot used for navigation, the luopan is specifically for geomancy.

In the modern era, the global presence of feng shui is quite complex. In Western societies, it is often viewed through the lens of interior design. Many people seek consultants to help them find health or wealth through their surroundings. However, the scientific community generally regards feng shui as non-scientific. Some skeptics classify it as a pseudoscience. Despite these views, the practice remains a powerful cultural expression. It continues to connect modern individuals to ancient traditions of environmental harmony.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Xiping-era earthenware feng shui gray pottery.png
Xiping-era earthenware feng shui gray pottery.png
File:La-chinatown-spiral.jpg
La-chinatown-spiral.jpg
File:Lingshan Islamic Cemetery - turtle tomb - DSCF8492.JPG
Lingshan Islamic Cemetery - turtle tomb -...
File:Guishan Dingxiang.png
Guishan Dingxiang.png
File:Taipei.101.fountain.altonthompson.jpg
Taipei.101.fountain.altonthompson.jpg
File:Sycee-Incense.jpg
Sycee-Incense.jpg
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