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Fanny Elssler

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Fanny Elssler was a celebrated Austrian ballerina during the Romantic Period.

Fanny Elssler in La Volière, lithograph by Gauci from drawing by J. Deffett Francis 1838
Fanny Elssler in La Volière, lithograph by Gauci from drawing by J. Deffett Francis 1838

She was born on June 23, 1810, in Gumpendorf, a neighborhood of Vienna. Her father, Johann Florian Elssler, was a second-generation employee for Prince Esterházy. He also served as a valet to the famous composer Joseph Haydn. Elssler began her professional dance career very early. She performed at the Kärntnertortheater in Vienna before she turned seven years old. Much of her early training involved working alongside her sister, Therese. The two sisters studied under instructors Jean-Pierre Aumer and Friedrich Horschelt. They also traveled to Naples, Italy, to study with Gaetano Gioja.

Elssler became famous for a specific technical style called character dance. This style focused on precision and small, quick footwork. It was very different from the style of her contemporary, Marie Taglioni. Taglioni was known as a "sylph" because of her light leaps and jumps. While Taglioni represented a modest and ethereal image, Elssler was seen as more earthy.

Elssler Cachucha
Elssler Cachucha

The poet Théophile Gautier even called her a "pagan" dancer. He used this term to contrast her with Taglioni, whom he called a "Christian" dancer. Elssler's performances often featured bright colors like pink satin and black lace. This helped create a persona of a sensuous and fiery dancer.

One of her most significant contributions was the popularity of national dances. Her performance of the Spanish Cachucha was a massive success.

Elssler Cachucha
Elssler Cachucha

Although she was not Spanish, her version of the dance was filled with fire. This success led to a widespread demand for more choreographed ballets with specific national flavors. To meet this demand, Elssler added other dances to her repertoire. These included the Polish Krakowiak and the Italian tarantella. Her ability to master these different styles helped her become a leading figure in Romantic ballet. She also performed in major ballets like La Sylphide, Giselle, and La Esmeralda.

Elssler's career took her across many major European cities. She experienced great success in Berlin and Vienna starting in 1830. In September 1834, she joined the Ballet du Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique in Paris. This was a major step, even though she worried about Marie Taglioni's dominance there. The management actually used her hiring to create a sense of artistic controversy. However, Elssler's personal fascination and skill led to a temporary eclipse of Taglioni. She remained a top performer for many years, traveling through Germany, Austria, France, England, and Russia.

Elssler as Sarah Campbell
Elssler as Sarah Campbell

She was even invited to perform in the Pas de Quatre in 1845.

In 1840, Elssler traveled by sea to the United States for a major tour. This tour was arranged by Henry Wikoff and lasted for two years. Her arrival in America caused a massive sensation. In Washington D.C., the United States Congress actually closed so people could watch her perform. In New Orleans, she was contracted at the St Charles Theater. She earned $1,000 for every single night she danced.

Elssler as Sarah Campbell
Elssler as Sarah Campbell

This was a very high amount of money for that time. Her popularity in America was so intense that people called it "Elsslermania."

This phenomenon of "Elsslermania" went beyond just watching her dance. Fans bought many different products that featured her name. These items included Elssler brand champagne, bread, and even cigars.

Fanny Elssler in La Volière, lithograph by Gauci from drawing by J. Deffett Francis 1838
Fanny Elssler in La Volière, lithograph by Gauci from drawing by J. Deffett Francis 1838

While many people celebrated her, others debated if her talent justified such extreme celebrity worship. Despite the debates, she was considered a brilliant dramatic performer. For example, her performance of the role in La Sylphide was so moving that it brought audience members to tears. She was a true star of the global stage.

After five years of touring Europe again, Elssler retired from the stage in 1845. She had amassed a large fortune through her successful career. She chose to settle near Hamburg for the remainder of her life. Her sister, Therese, later married Prince Adalbert of Prussia and became a Baroness. Fanny Elssler died in Vienna on November 27, 1884. Her life has been portrayed in several films. Lya Mara played her in a 1920 silent film. Later, Lilian Harvey played her in a 1937 German film. She remains a notable name in the history of dance.

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File:Elssler Cachucha.jpg
Elssler Cachucha.jpg
File:Elssler as Sarah Campbell.jpg
Elssler as Sarah Campbell.jpg
File:Fanny Elssler in La Volière, lithograph by Gauci from drawing by J. Deffett Francis 1838.jpg
Fanny Elssler in La Volière, lithograph...
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