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Equestrian vaulting

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Equestrian vaulting is a specialized discipline that combines the grace of dance with the strength of gymnastics on a moving horse.

Individual vaulting
Individual vaulting

Unlike circus riding or trick riding, vaulting relies on a highly trained horse and a specific handler called a longeur. The longeur stands in the center of a 30-meter circle and controls the horse using a lunge line. This creates a controlled environment where the athlete and horse can work in harmony. Vaulting is recognized by the Fédération Équestre Internationale, or FEI, as one of ten official equestrian disciplines. It is considered one of the safest equestrian sports. Beyond competition, it serves as a foundation for all forms of riding. It is also used in therapeutic settings to help people with balance, attention, or social deficits.

In a competitive setting, the mechanism of the sport involves a coordinated team. This team includes the horse, the vaulter, and the longeur. The horse moves in a circle at different gaits depending on the skill level. Beginners typically practice while the horse is at a walk. Advanced vaulters must perform their movements while the horse is at a canter. The horse does not wear a standard saddle. Instead, it wears a thick back pad and a surcingle, also known as a roller. The surcingle features special handles and leather loops called cossack loops. These tools provide the necessary grip for the vaulter to perform complex maneuvers.

Vaulters compete in several distinct categories based on the number of participants. Individual freestyle involves a single athlete performing a one-minute program. The pas-de-deux category features pairs of vaulters performing a two-minute routine. Finally, the squad category involves up to six vaulters. In a squad, only three members are on the horse at one time. These team routines can last up to four minutes and often include lifting or tossing teammates.

Freestyle team Habighorst
Freestyle team Habighorst

All freestyle routines are choreographed to music to enhance the performance.

Every competitive routine must include seven specific compulsory exercises. These movements test the vaulter's technical precision and control. The exercises are the mount, basic seat, flag, mill, scissors, stand, and flank.

Vlag Equestrian vaulting
Vlag Equestrian vaulting

For example, the flag requires the vaulter to hop to their knees and extend one leg straight out behind them. The mill is a complex movement where the vaulter passes their legs over the horse's neck and croup in a full turn. The scissors movement involves a handstand where the vaulter turns to face the tail before swinging back to the front. Each of these exercises is scored by judges on a scale from 0 to 10.

History shows that humans have performed acrobatic movements on animals for over 2,000 years. Some historians believe vaulting traces back to ancient Roman games featuring acrobats on cantering horses. Others suggest its roots lie in ancient Crete with the tradition of bull-leaping. During the Renaissance, the sport was known by the French name la voltige. At that time, it served as an agility drill for cavalry riders. Modern vaulting developed in post-war Germany as a way to introduce children to equestrian sports. The FEI officially recognized the discipline in 1983.

Significant milestones have marked the growth of the sport in recent decades. The first European championships were held in Ebreichsdorf, Austria, in 1984. The first FEI World Vaulting Championship followed in Bulle, Switzerland, in 1986. Vaulting has also been a part of the World Equestrian Games since the 1990 Stockholm event. It was even demonstrated as an art during the 1984 and 1996 Olympic Games. In terms of scoring, the horse is a vital part of the team. The horse's movement and behavior account for 30% of the total score. Judges evaluate the horse on a scale from 1 to 10 alongside the vaulters.

Vaulting connects various fields including athletics, music, and animal science. It requires strict adherence to dress codes regulated by the FEI. Vaulters must wear form-fitting unitards that show the line of the body without hindering movement. Accessories like hats or belts are prohibited to ensure safety and clarity for the judges. The sport is most established in Europe, particularly in Germany and Switzerland. It arrived in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s, initially spreading along the West Coast. By 2010, the sport began to see increased popularity in the northeastern United States.

Freestyle team Habighorst
Freestyle team Habighorst
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File:Individual vaulting.jpg
Individual vaulting.jpg
File:Vlag Equestrian vaulting.jpg
Vlag Equestrian vaulting.jpg
File:Freestyle team Habighorst.jpg
Freestyle team Habighorst.jpg
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