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Endangered species

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An endangered species is a group of living things at risk of extinction. Extinction occurs when every individual of a species has died. This risk can affect a species across the entire globe or within a specific region.

Golden lion tamarin portrait3
Golden lion tamarin portrait3

Many factors contribute to this danger. Habitat loss and poaching are major drivers. Invasive species and climate change also play significant roles. Human activity is a primary cause of species becoming endangered.

Gymnogyps californianus -Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge, California, USA -flying-8
Gymnogyps californianus -Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge, California, USA -flying-8

Scientists assess the likelihood of extinction using specific conservation statuses. The International Union for Conservation of the Nature (IUCN) manages the Red List of Threatened Species. This is the most recognized global ranking system. The IUCN classifies species into nine distinct groups. These groups are based on population size and rate of decline. They also consider geographic distribution and population fragmentation. The term "threatened" officially includes three categories: critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable.

Status ESA LE
Status ESA LE

The IUCN categories provide a clear hierarchy of risk. "Extinct (EX)" means no living individuals remain. "Extinct in the wild (EW)" describes species that only survive in captivity or outside their historic range. "Critically Endangered (CR)" represents the highest risk in the wild. "Endangered (EN)" signifies a higher risk than vulnerable species. "Vulnerable (VU)" indicates a high risk of facing extinction. Other categories include "Near Threatened (NT)" and "Least Concern (LC)" for widespread, healthy populations. There are also "Data Deficient (DD)" and "Not Evaluated (NE)" categories for species with insufficient information.

Global conservation efforts involve many nations and complex scientific data. It is estimated that over 50% of the world's species face extinction risks. However, data is often scarce, especially in the vast oceans. This makes it difficult to distinguish between "endangered" and "locally extinct" species. To combat this, 195 countries signed an accord to create Biodiversity Action Plans. In the United States, these are called Species Recovery Plans. These plans aim to protect threatened species and their environments.

U.S. Endangered Species Count by State
U.S. Endangered Species Count by State

Brazil is one of the most biodiverse countries on Earth. It contains biomes like the Amazon and the Atlantic forest. However, wildlife trafficking is a major challenge there. In Brazil, birds account for approximately 80% of all trafficked species. There is a troubling link between smuggling and rarity. The rarer a species becomes, the more valuable it is on the black market. This cycle causes more species to become endangered. Despite this, Brazil has seen success. They saved the golden lion tamarin from extinction through massive awareness campaigns.

Golden lion tamarin portrait3
Golden lion tamarin portrait3

Climate change is another leading cause of animal endangerment. This is largely due to carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Before the industrial revolution, carbon dioxide rarely rose above 280 parts per million (ppm). In 2014, levels fluctuated between 395 and 402 ppm. NASA scientist James Hanson suggests we must reduce levels to 350 ppm. This would help maintain a climate suitable for many organisms. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions gives many species a chance to recover.

Salton Sea Tilapia
Salton Sea Tilapia

In the United States, the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 provides legal protection. The US Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service manage this law. The ESA allows for the designation of critical habitats and recovery plans. It also protects species from certain government actions. However, the law can be controversial. Some industries, such as logging and petroleum, have lobbied against these restrictions. There are also debates regarding land development and private landowner compensation. Some landowners have even used the "shoot, shovel, and shut-up" method to avoid regulations.

Despite these controversies, the ESA is considered an effective recovery tool by scientists. Nineteen species have already been delisted because they recovered. In the northeastern United States, 93% of listed species have stable or recovering populations. Currently, about 1,556 endangered species receive government protection in the U.S. This number does not include species that are threatened but not yet legally protected. Globally, about 13% of vertebrates and 17% of vascular plants are considered imperiled.

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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
File:Golden lion tamarin portrait3.jpg
Golden lion tamarin portrait3.jpg
File:Gymnogyps californianus -Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge, California, USA -flying-8.jpg
Gymnogyps californianus -Bitter Creek...
Trends in Endangered Species- A Visual...
File:U.S. Endangered Species Count by State.gif
U.S. Endangered Species Count by State.gif
File:2010-bald-eagle-kodiak.jpg
2010-bald-eagle-kodiak.jpg
File:American bison k5680-1.jpg
American bison k5680-1.jpg
File:Salton Sea Tilapia.jpg
Salton Sea Tilapia.jpg
File:Status ESA LE.svg
Status ESA LE.svg
File:Ostafrikanisches Spitzmaulnashorn.JPG
Ostafrikanisches Spitzmaulnashorn.JPG
File:Thunnus_maccoyii.jpg
Thunnus_maccoyii.jpg
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