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Emu

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The emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) is a large, flightless bird found in Australia. It is the tallest native bird on the Australian mainland. Globally, it ranks as the third-tallest living bird. It is surpassed only by the common ostrich and the Somali ostrich. The emu is the only surviving member of its genus, Dromaius. This genus name comes from a Greek word meaning "racer." This name reflects the bird's incredible ability to run.

Emus. Western NSW, 1976
Emus. Western NSW, 1976

Physically, the emu is built for speed and endurance. It is a robust, bipedal runner with highly specialized pelvic limb musculature. This muscle structure allows the bird to sprint at speeds of up to 50 km/h. While walking, an emu takes strides of about 2 meters. At a full gallop, a single stride can reach 5 meters. Their legs are featherless and end in feet with only three toes. These feet have thick, cushioned pads underneath. To defend themselves, emus use sharp claws on their toes. These claws are used in combat to inflict wounds by kicking.

Emu skeleton
Emu skeleton

An adult emu can reach a height of 1.9 meters. They can also be quite heavy, weighing up to 50 kilograms. Females are usually slightly larger than males. They are also notably wider across the rump. Even though they cannot fly, emus possess vestigial wings. These are small, leftover wings that measure about 10 centimeters. The wing chord is small, and each wing has a tiny claw at the tip. Emus often flap these wings while running to help stabilize their bodies.

Emus have unique feathers that help them survive in harsh climates. Their plumage is shaggy and grey-brown in color. The shafts and tips of these feathers are black. The black tips absorb solar radiation to help with warmth. Meanwhile, the inner plumage acts as insulation for the skin. This system prevents overheating, allowing emus to stay active during the heat of the day. The feathers also provide camouflage. In areas with red soil, the feathers may have a rufous tint. In damp areas, the plumage is generally darker.

Pale Emu Blues
Pale Emu Blues

To protect their eyes from dust in windy, arid regions, emus use a nictitating membrane. This is a translucent, secondary eyelid. It moves horizontally from the inside of the eye to the outside. This acts like a visor for the bird. Emus are also omnivores, meaning they eat both plants and insects. They are very hardy and can survive for weeks without eating. While they drink infrequently, they take in large amounts of water when it is available.

Emus bathing Feb09
Emus bathing Feb09
Emu Egg
Emu Egg

The breeding process follows a specific pattern. Breeding typically occurs in May and June. During this time, females may fight for a mate. A female can mate several times and lay multiple clutches of eggs in one season. Interestingly, the male is responsible for incubating the eggs. He sits on the eggs for about eight weeks. During this period, the male hardly eats or drinks. As a result, he loses a significant amount of weight. Once the eggs hatch, the father continues to nurture the young. The chicks reach full size after about six months.

History shows that the emu population has changed significantly. European explorers first reported seeing emus in 1696. This was during an expedition led by Dutch captain Willem de Vlamingh. In 1790, the ornithologist John Latham named the species. He used a specimen from the Sydney area. Many subspecies once lived on islands, but they are now extinct. The Tasmanian, Kangaroo Island, and King Island subspecies disappeared after European settlement. Specifically, the Tasmanian emu became extinct around 1865.

Baudin emus
Baudin emus

Today, the emu is a major cultural icon in Australia. It appears on the national coat of arms and on various coins. The bird is also a prominent figure in Indigenous Australian mythologies. While the species is rated as "least-concern" by the IUCN, some local populations face threats. Habitat fragmentation, roadkills, and egg predation by invasive species are all dangers. Despite these threats, the mainland population remains common. In 2009, it was estimated there were between 630,000 and 725,000 emus.

Emu Egg
Emu Egg
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🖼️ Images & Media (19)
Dromaius novaehollandiae Lue0043 03.wav
File:Emu skeleton.jpg
Emu skeleton.jpg
File:Pale Emu Blues.jpg
Pale Emu Blues.jpg
File:Pinnacles 040116 gnangarra-102.jpg
Pinnacles 040116 gnangarra-102.jpg
File:Emus bathing Feb09.jpg
Emus bathing Feb09.jpg
Emu vocalization.ogv
File:Emus. Western NSW, 1976.jpg
Emus. Western NSW, 1976.jpg
File:Emu at zoo.jpg
Emu at zoo.jpg
Emu feeding on grass.ogg
File:Emu Egg.JPG
Emu Egg.JPG
File:Emu Gelege.jpg
Emu Gelege.jpg
File:Baby Emu.jpg
Baby Emu.jpg

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