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Eilat

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Eilat is Israel's southernmost city and a major port.

Aerial photographs of Eilat IMG 2057
Aerial photographs of Eilat IMG 2057

It sits at the northern tip of the Red Sea. In Israel, this body of water is called the Gulf of Eilat. In Jordan, the same water is known as the Gulf of Aqaba. The city is located at the southern end of the Arava valley and the Negev desert. It sits near the Egyptian resort city of Taba to the south. To the east, it is adjacent to the Jordanian port city of Aqaba. Across the gulf to the southeast, the town of Haql in Saudi Arabia is visible.

North Beach Eilat
North Beach Eilat

The local geography is defined by varied landscapes and an arid climate. The region contains igneous and metamorphic rocks, as well as sandstone and limestone. Mountains in the area rise to heights above 800 meters. The city experiences a desert climate with very low humidity. This dryness is moderated by the proximity of the warm sea. Eilat averages 360 sunny days every year. Summer temperatures often exceed 40 degrees Celsius. In the winter, sea temperatures stay between 20 and 28 degrees Celsius. Because the annual average rainfall is only 35 millimeters, vegetation is limited.

Fish Eilat
Fish Eilat

Eilat is a major destination for international and domestic tourism. The city is famous for its renowned coral reefs. These reefs make it a popular spot for snorkeling and scuba diving. The Coral Beach Nature Reserve contains the northernmost shallow coral reef on Earth. Visitors can also explore the Coral World Underwater Observatory.

The Underwater Observatory in Eilat
The Underwater Observatory in Eilat

Other attractions include the Dolphin Reef and the Ice Mall. The city features a marina and a sea-side promenade with many shops and restaurants. Eilat is also a tax-free zone, which benefits its shopping centers. For nature lovers, the Eilat Mountains and Timna Valley Park offer hiking and exploration.

The history of the name Eilat is tied to ancient records. In 1949, a committee chose the name for a settlement at Umm al-Rashrāsh. This site was formerly a British police station made of five clay huts.

Raising the Ink Flag at Umm Rashrash (cropped)
Raising the Ink Flag at Umm Rashrash (cropped)

The name refers to Elath, a location mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. The Bible describes Elath as a station during the Israelite exodus from Egypt. It also notes that King Solomon built ships at Etzion Gever, which is identified as Eilat. While biblical Eilat was located across the border in Jordan, the committee decided to use the name for the new Israeli settlement. Today, a well known as Be’er Etzion Gever is buried under an artificial lagoon in the city.

Modern Eilat began to grow significantly after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. During Operation Uvda on March 10, 1949, the police post was taken without a fight. This event marked the end of the war for independence. The town was officially founded in 1952. Early residents included port workers, soldiers, and former prisoners. In 1955, the population was about 500 people. Development accelerated when the Timna Copper Mines and the Port of Eilat opened. The Israeli government began resettling Jewish immigrant families from Morocco there. By 1961, the population had grown to 5,300. It reached 13,100 by 1972 and 18,900 by 1983.

The port of Eilat has always held great strategic importance. After 1948, many land routes were blocked by neighboring Arab countries. This made the sea port vital for trade with Africa and Asia. It was also crucial for importing oil. In 1956 and 1967, Egypt closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping. This closure was a cause for the Six-Day War in 1967. During that time, 90% of Israeli oil passed through the straits. Peace treaties with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994 eventually opened the borders. However, the port has faced recent challenges. Due to the Red Sea crisis, the port saw an 85% reduction in volume. By July 12, 2024, the port declared bankruptcy.

Future plans aim to expand the city's connectivity and infrastructure. A high-speed railway is planned to link Eilat with Tel Aviv and Beersheba. This line will run through the Arava Valley. In 2019, Ramon Airport opened north of the city. It replaced the old Eilat Airport. The land from the old airport will be redeveloped. Plans include building 2,080 hotel rooms and 1,000 apartments. This project aims to create an urban connection between the city center and North Beach.

Eilat Sports Center by Bodek Achitects
Eilat Sports Center by Bodek Achitects
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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:Flag of Eilat, Israel.svg
Flag of Eilat, Israel.svg
File:Coat of arms of Eilat.svg
Coat of arms of Eilat.svg
File:Aerial photographs of Eilat IMG 2057.JPG
Aerial photographs of Eilat IMG 2057.JPG
File:Raising the Ink Flag at Umm Rashrash (cropped).jpg
Raising the Ink Flag at Umm Rashrash (cropped).jpg
File:PikiWiki Israel 14880 The city of Eilat.jpg
PikiWiki Israel 14880 The city of Eilat.jpg
File:North Beach Eilat.jpg
North Beach Eilat.jpg
File:Leaving Israel (4076694962).jpg
Leaving Israel (4076694962).jpg
File:Eilat Sports Center by Bodek Achitects.JPG
Eilat Sports Center by Bodek Achitects.JPG
File:The Underwater Observatory in Eilat.jpg
The Underwater Observatory in Eilat.jpg
File:Fish Eilat.jpg
Fish Eilat.jpg
File:Shahar z.jpg
Shahar z.jpg
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