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Edwin Thumboo

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Edwin Thumboo is a prominent Singaporean poet and academic. He is recognized as a pioneer of English literature in Singapore. This means he helped establish a foundation for writing in English within his nation. His work often uses myth and history to explore cultural identity. Because of his poems with nationalistic themes, he is often called Singapore's unofficial poet laureate.

NUS, Arts & Social Sciences 3, Nov 06
NUS, Arts & Social Sciences 3, Nov 06

Thumboo's poetic style has evolved significantly over his long career. In the 1950s, he wrote lyrical poetry based on personal experiences. These early works followed the English literary tradition. They often focused on aesthetic and metaphysical themes. By the mid-1970s, his focus shifted toward the public sphere. He believed poets in post-independence Singapore should help create a national literature. He used myths as stable reference points for a multicultural society. One famous example is his poem "Ulysses by the Merlion," published in 1979. This poem references the Merlion, a statue with a lion's body and a fish's tail. It was inspired by the use of Irish mythology by the poet W. B. Yeats.

Thumboo's academic career is closely tied to the National University of Singapore (NUS). He joined the University of Singapore as an assistant lecturer in 1966. This was the year following Singapore's independence. He earned a Ph.D. in 1970 through research into African poetry in English. He eventually became a full professor in the Department of English Language and Literature. He led this department from 1977 until 1993. In 1980, the University of Singapore merged with Nanyang University to form NUS. Thumboo then served as the Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. He held this position from 1980 to 1991. This makes him the longest-serving dean of that faculty in the university's history.

His early life in colonial Singapore shaped his character and determination. He was born on 22 November 1933. His father was a Tamil Indian schoolteacher and his mother was a Teochew-Peranakan Chinese housewife. Growing up with mixed parentage, he sometimes faced marginalization. This experience helped foster a sense of self-respect in him. During the Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945, he worked to support his family. He sold cakes, tended goats, and worked as a salesboy. He later found his passion for poetry at Victoria School. There, a teacher named Shamus Frazer encouraged his writing. Thumboo considered Frazer his spiritual father.

Thumboo was also a student activist during his university years. As a freshman at the University of Malaya, he joined the University Socialist Club. He served on the editorial board of a journal called Fajar, which means "Dawn" in Malay. In May 1954, the seventh issue of Fajar published an editorial titled "Aggression in Asia." This piece advocated for independence from the United Kingdom. Following clashes between students and police, Thumboo was arrested for sedition. He was tried alongside seven other students. Lee Kuan Yew acted as a legal adviser for the group. Ultimately, a District Judge acquitted the students of the charges.

Beyond his own writing, Thumboo worked to build the literary community. He compiled and edited several important anthologies of English poetry and fiction. These included "The Flowering Tree" in 1970 and "The Second Tongue" in 1979. He also served as the general editor for ASEAN-sponsored multilingual anthologies. He helped establish the Creative Arts Programme for students in Singapore. In 2015, he conceived the first National Poetry Festival for the country. His efforts helped ensure that local writers had a platform to share their work.

His contributions have earned him many prestigious honors. He received the first Cultural Medallion for Literature in 1979. He also won the inaugural S.E.A. Write Award that same year. The National Book Development Council of Singapore Book Awards for Poetry recognized him three times. These awards were given in 1978, 1980, and 1994. He has also received the ASEAN Cultural and Communication Award. In 1981, he was conferred the Bintang Bakti Masyarakat, or Public Service Star. He continues to be an emeritus professor at NUS after his retirement in 1997.

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