Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🎨

Edward FitzGerald (poet)

arts Maturity 11-13 death dying war conflict Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: death_dying, war_conflict. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

Edward FitzGerald was an English poet and writer who became a major figure in Victorian literature. He is most famous for his English translation of the Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. This work consists of Persian quatrains, which are short poems made of four lines. Although he was born into a very wealthy family, FitzGerald lived a quiet and somewhat private life. His translation helped bridge the gap between Persian literature and the English-speaking world. It remains a celebrated part of the English literary canon today.

FitzGerald's process of translation was complex and deeply personal. He did not merely swap words from one language to another. Instead, he created a version that captured a specific feeling in English. In 1857, Professor Edward Byles Cowell discovered the original Persian quatrains in a library in Calcutta. Cowell sent these poems to FitzGerald to study. FitzGerald worked extensively on the text, eventually publishing it anonymously in 1859.

Houghton AC85 M4977 Zz878o - Rubáiyát, title
Houghton AC85 M4977 Zz878o - Rubáiyát, title

The publication of the Rubáiyát went through several distinct stages and editions. FitzGerald authorized four editions during his lifetime: 1859, 1868, 1872, and 1879. A fifth edition was released posthumously in 1889. These versions were not all the same. The first and fifth editions differ significantly from the middle versions. For example, a stanza in the first edition mentions a "Loaf of Bread" and a "Flask of Wine." The fifth edition changed the wording of various stanzas, such as Stanza LXIX, which describes life as a "Chequer-board of Nights and Days."

FitzGerald's personal history was marked by significant changes in identity and wealth. He was born Edward Purcell in 1809 in Suffolk, England. In 1818, his father, John Purcell, changed the family name to FitzGerald. This happened after FitzGerald's mother inherited a massive fortune from her father. The FitzGeralds became one of the wealthiest families in England. FitzGerald attended King Edward VI School and later Trinity College, Cambridge. While at Cambridge, he met many influential figures, including the poet Alfred Tennyson.

FitzGerald Edward grave
FitzGerald Edward grave

The significance of his work is reflected in its massive popularity. For over a century, the Rubáiyát was a staple of English literature. The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations highlights this influence. Out of the 101 stanzas in the fifth edition, the dictionary quotes 43 entire stanzas in full. Many writers even used his lines as titles for their own books. Examples include Nevil Shute's "The Chequer Board" and James Michener's "The Fires of Heaven." This widespread use shows how deeply his rhythmic verses entered the culture.

Beyond his writing, FitzGerald had many diverse interests and relationships. He was a man of simple habits, often described as "almost vegetarian." His diet consisted mainly of bread, fruit, and tea. He also had a deep connection to the sea. In 1863, he purchased a yacht named "The Scandal." Later, in 1867, he became a part-owner of a herring lugger called the "Meum and Tuum." He even partnered with a fisherman named Joseph Fletcher, nicknamed "Posh," to own a herring boat.

Houghton AC85 M4977 Zz878o - Rubáiyát, title
Houghton AC85 M4977 Zz878o - Rubáiyát, title

FitzGerald's life and his literary passions eventually merged in a symbolic way. He died in his sleep in 1883 and was buried in the Boulge churchyard. In 1886, an artist named William Simpson visited Nishapur, where the poet Omar Khayyám was buried. Simpson collected three rose hips from the site. He gave these to FitzGerald's publisher, Bernard Quaritch. The seeds were grown at Kew Gardens. Eventually, a rose cutting from those seeds was planted on FitzGerald's grave. This serves as a living connection between the English poet and the Persian source he loved so much.

FitzGerald Edward grave
FitzGerald Edward grave
597 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (2)
File:FitzGerald Edward grave.jpg
FitzGerald Edward grave.jpg
File:Houghton AC85 M4977 Zz878o - Rubáiyát, title.jpg
Houghton AC85 M4977 Zz878o - Rubáiyát, title.jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.