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Edith Wharton

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Edith Newbold Wharton was a prominent American novelist and designer.

Edith Wharton by Edward Harrison May
Edith Wharton by Edward Harrison May

She was born on January 24, 1862, in Manhattan, New York City. Her family, the Joneses, belonged to a very wealthy and socially prominent class. They made their fortune through real estate. Her family's status was so high that the phrase "keeping up with the Joneses" is said to refer to them. Wharton used her insider knowledge of this upper-class society to write realistic stories. These stories explored the lives and morals of the Gilded Age.

Wharton's early life involved significant travel and education. Between 1866 and 1872, her family visited France, Italy, Germany, and Spain. During these years, she became fluent in French, German, and Italian. She was educated by tutors and governesses while abroad. At age nine, she survived a dangerous bout of typhoid fever in the Black Forest. After returning to the United States, her family spent winters in New York and summers in Newport, Rhode Island. Wharton often rejected the strict social etiquette expected of young women. She found the fashions of the time to be superficial and oppressive.

Storytelling began for Wharton at a very young age. When she was four or five, she practiced "making up" stories for her family. She would walk while holding an open book to pretend she was reading. In reality, she was improvising the tales as she moved. She attempted her first novel at age 11, but her mother's criticism stopped her. Instead, she turned to poetry. At age 15, she published her first work, which was a translation of a German poem.

Because her family felt writing was improper for a socialite, she published under a pseudonym. Her first published poem used the name of a friend's father, E. A. Washburn.

Wharton's social life and marriage shaped her later career. Between 1880 and 1890, she participated in the rituals of the New York upper class. She officially became a debutante in 1879. In 1885, at age 23, she married Edward Robbins Wharton. He was a gentleman from a Boston family who shared her love of travel. The couple lived in Newport, Rhode Island, and later moved to a house called Land's End.

Land’s End, Newport, RI
Land’s End, Newport, RI

They purchased Land's End for $80,000 in 1893. Wharton spent thousands more to renovate the facade and decorate the interior. Later, they lived at their estate, The Mount, in Lenox, Massachusetts.

Wharton was a highly successful and decorated author. In 1921, she became the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. She received this honor for her novel, *The Age of Innocence*. Her other major works include *The House of Mirth*, the novella *Ethan Frome*, and various ghost stories. She also wrote at least 85 short stories. Beyond fiction, she was a respected designer of homes and gardens. She co-authored *The Decoration of Houses* in 1897. She also published *Italian Villas and Their Gardens* in 1904.

Edith Wharton as a young woman, ca. 1889 (cropped)
Edith Wharton as a young woman, ca. 1889 (cropped)

Her work as a designer was deeply connected to her personal life and travels. Wharton crossed the Atlantic Ocean 60 times during her lifetime. She spent much of her time in Italy, France, and England. In 1902, she designed her own estate, The Mount. The famous novelist Henry James described the estate as a "delicate French chateau mirrored in a Massachusetts pond."

The Mount from the Flower Garden by David Dashiell
The Mount from the Flower Garden by David Dashiell

She also designed her villa, Le Pavillon Colombe, in France.

Gardens at Pavilion Colombe Edith Wharton's villa
Gardens at Pavilion Colombe Edith Wharton's villa

Her design principles and appreciation for European architecture heavily influenced her books.

During World War I, Wharton used her influence to provide humanitarian aid. She lived in Paris when the war began in 1914. She opened a workroom to provide employment for 60 unemployed women. She also helped establish the American Hostels for Refugees to assist Belgian refugees. She collected more than $100,000 to support these people. She even organized the Children of Flanders Rescue Committee. This group provided shelter to nearly 900 Belgian refugees. Wharton's ability to organize large-scale relief efforts showed her deep commitment to social causes during times of crisis.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Edward Harrison May - Edith Wharton - Google Art Project.jpg
Edward Harrison May - Edith Wharton -...
File:Edith Wharton by Edward Harrison May.jpg
Edith Wharton by Edward Harrison May.jpg
File:The Mount from the Flower Garden by David Dashiell.jpg
The Mount from the Flower Garden by David...
File:Edith Wharton as a young woman, ca. 1889 (cropped).jpg
Edith Wharton as a young woman, ca. 1889...
File:Land’s End, Newport, RI.jpg
Land’s End, Newport, RI.jpg
File:The House of Mirth page of original manuscript Edith Wharton.jpg
The House of Mirth page of original...
File:Gardens at Pavilion Colombe Edith Wharton's villa.jpg
Gardens at Pavilion Colombe Edith...
File:Tombe Edith WHARTON, cimetière de Gonnards à VERSAILLES.jpg
Tombe Edith WHARTON, cimetière de...
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