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Delaware River

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The Delaware River is a major waterway in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

Delaware headwaters map
Delaware headwaters map

It is the longest free-flowing river in the Eastern United States. Free-flowing means the main stem is not impounded by dams. Its course is not significantly altered or diverted by human engineering. The river is a vital part of the Northeast ecosystem. American Rivers has called it the "Lifeblood of the Northeast." The National Wildlife Federation also recognizes it as one of the country's Great Waters.

The river begins with two distinct branches in the Catskill Mountains of New York. The West Branch, also called the Mohawk Branch, rises near Mount Jefferson in Schoharie County. It flows southwest through a deep trough in the plateau. This branch was impounded in the 1960s to create the Cannonsville Reservoir. This reservoir is part of the New York City water system. The East Branch rises from a small pond near Grand Gorge in Delaware County. It flows southwest and is impounded by the Pepacton Reservoir. The Pepacton is the largest reservoir in the New York City water supply. These two branches merge at Hancock, New York, to form the main Delaware River.

Delaware headwaters map
Delaware headwaters map

The river follows a complex path through several different landscapes. From Hancock, it flows through a broad Appalachian valley. It passes through the Upper Delaware Valley, which is part of protected national scenic rivers. The river travels 78 miles through rural regions along the New York and Pennsylvania border. At Port Jervis, it enters the Minisink Valley. This is a buried valley where the river flows in a bed of glacial till. The river also crosses the Delaware Water Gap. Here, it moves between nearly vertical walls of sandstone, quartzite, and conglomerate.

George Inness - On the Delaware River - Google Art Project
George Inness - On the Delaware River - Google Art Project

As the river moves south, its character changes significantly. At Trenton, New Jersey, the Delaware becomes tidal. This means the movement of the ocean's tides affects the river's water. In this lower section, the river becomes more industrial and navigable. It serves as the backbone for the Delaware Valley metropolitan area. This includes major port cities like Philadelphia, Camden, and Wilmington. Eventually, the river empties into the Delaware Bay at Liston Point. This point is located between Cape May and Cape Henlopen.

George Inness - On the Delaware River - Google Art Project
George Inness - On the Delaware River - Google Art Project

The Delaware River is part of a massive drainage system called a watershed. This watershed covers 42 counties and 838 municipalities across five states. These states include New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware. The area covers about 0.4% of the total land mass in the United States. In 2001, the watershed was 68% forested, 18% agricultural, and 14% developed. The system contains 216 tributary streams totaling about 14,057 miles. This water provides drinking water for 17 million people. This is roughly 6% of the entire United States population. Half of New York City receives its water via the Delaware Aqueduct.

Long before European settlers arrived, the river was the homeland of the Lenape people. They called the river Lënapei Sipu or Kithanne. Kithanne means it is the largest river in that region. In 1609, Henry Hudson led a Dutch East India Company expedition to the river. He was an English navigator searching for a western route to Cathay, or China. Dutch and Swedish settlers later established colonies along the lower river and Delaware Bay. They called the waterway the South River to distinguish it from the Hudson River.

Treaty of Penn with Indians by Benjamin West
Treaty of Penn with Indians by Benjamin West

The river's current name comes from an English nobleman. He was Sir Thomas West, the 3rd Baron De La Warr.

3rdLordDeLaWarr
3rdLordDeLaWarr

He was the first royal governor of the Virginia colony. He is credited with saving that colony during the First Anglo-Powhatan War. While many believe the name arrived after the English took control in 1664, records show the name Delaware was used as early as 1641. The river also holds a place in American military history. In 1776, George Washington crossed the river during the American Revolution.

This crossing led to a victory at the Battle of Trenton. This event was a pivotal moment for the new nation.

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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:3rdLordDeLaWarr.jpg
3rdLordDeLaWarr.jpg
File:Delaware headwaters map.png
Delaware headwaters map.png
File:Treaty of Penn with Indians by Benjamin West.jpg
Treaty of Penn with Indians by Benjamin West.jpg
File:Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg
Washington Crossing the Delaware by...
File:George Inness - On the Delaware River - Google Art Project.jpg
George Inness - On the Delaware River -...
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