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Dark humor

arts Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Dark humor, also known as black comedy or black humor, is a distinct comedic style. It focuses on subject matter that is generally considered taboo. These topics are usually serious or painful for people to discuss. The goal of this style is to provoke discomfort, serious thought, and amusement. It differs from blue comedy, which focuses on nudity or bodily fluids. It also differs from obscenity. Some people use the term gallows humor for a specific type. This term refers to humor related to death or dying.

Irony
Irony

The mechanism of dark humor involves a specific psychological shift. Sigmund Freud discussed this in his 1927 essay, "Humor." He suggested that the ego refuses to be distressed by reality. Instead, the ego insists it cannot be affected by external traumas. It treats these traumas as occasions to gain pleasure. This allows a person to process difficult situations through laughter. Sociologists note that the effect of a joke depends on the context. For example, a joke told by a threatened person feels different than one told by an outsider.

18251112 Nine-pin bowler execution - gallows humor - Sag Harbor Corrector
18251112 Nine-pin bowler execution - gallows humor - Sag Harbor Corrector

There are different ways this humor functions in society. One function is as a coping mechanism for professionals. People in high-stress jobs often use it to manage their work. This includes police officers, firefighters, and ambulance crews. It is also common among military personnel, lawyers, and funeral directors. Another function is social. Black comedy can strengthen the morale of the oppressed. At the same time, it can undermine the morale of the oppressors. Wylie Sypher suggested that laughing at evil means we have surmounted it.

History shows that this style of comedy is very old. Literary critics associate black comedy with the ancient Greeks. The specific term "black humor" comes from the French "humour noir." The theorist André Breton coined this term in 1935. He used it while interpreting the work of Jonathan Swift. Breton published the "Anthology of Black Humor" in 1940. He credited Swift as the originator of black humor and gallows humor. Swift wrote famous pieces like "A Modest Proposal" in 1729. These works used cynicism and skepticism to create laughter.

Irony
Irony

Many notable authors have been identified as masters of this genre. In the United States, Nathanael West and Vladimir Nabokov were early practitioners. In 1965, Bruce Jay Friedman edited a mass-market paperback titled "Black Humor." This book was one of the first American anthologies of the genre. Friedman labeled authors like Joseph Heller and Thomas Pynchon as black humorists. Other famous names include Roald Dahl and Kurt Vonnegut. Evelyn Waugh is also noted as a contemporary writer of sustained black comic novels. Even the comedian Lenny Bruce was linked to this style in the late 1950s.

Dark humor appears in many different languages and cultures. In Germany, the term "Galgenhumor" describes cynical last words before a hanging. The French have the expression "rire jaune," which means "yellow laughing." In Belgian Dutch, the expression is "groen lachen," or "green laughing." These terms show how different cultures recognize this specific type of laughter. Italian comedian Daniele Luttazzi noted that grotesque satire often triggers this reaction. This shows that the impulse to find humor in the dark is a widespread human experience.

Research has even looked at the traits of people who enjoy this humor. A 2017 study was published in the journal "Cognitive Processing." The study looked at how people react to dark subject matter. It concluded that people who appreciate dark humor may have higher IQs. These individuals might also show lower levels of aggression. They may also resist negative feelings more effectively than those who do not enjoy it. This suggests that dark humor is more than just a joke; it is a complex mental tool.

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