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D. W. Griffith

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David Wark Griffith was a highly influential American film director.

GriffithDW
GriffithDW

He is considered a pioneer in the history of motion pictures. Griffith helped develop many different aspects of film editing. He also worked to expand the art of narrative film. This means he helped movies tell longer, more complex stories. His work changed how filmmakers approached the craft of storytelling. Today, film historians still study his many technical contributions.

Griffith developed specific techniques to make movies more engaging. One major method was cross-cutting. This is a technique where two different stories run alongside each other. Griffith said he learned this from the way Charles Dickens wrote novels. For example, he used this in his 1909 film, The Cricket on the Hearth. He also directed the first film ever shot in Hollywood, California. That film was titled In Old California and was released in 1910.

His early life was marked by significant hardship and change. Griffith was born on January 22, 1875, in Oldham County, Kentucky. His father, Jacob Wark Griffith, was a Confederate Army colonel. After his father died, the family faced deep poverty. When Griffith was 14, his mother moved the family to Louisville. He eventually left high school to work in a dry goods store. He later worked in a bookstore to help support his family. He began his creative path as an actor in touring companies.

Griffith's transition to film directing happened quite by accident. In 1907, he traveled to New York City to sell a script. A producer named Edwin Porter rejected his script. However, Porter offered Griffith an acting role in a film instead.

Walthall with DW Griiffith2
Walthall with DW Griiffith2

In 1908, Griffith worked as an extra for the Biograph Company. He met a cameraman named Billy Bitzer there. When a director fell ill, Griffith was given the chance to direct. He directed 48 short films for Biograph in that single year.

In 1915, Griffith directed the massive film The Birth of a Nation.

It was one of the most financially successful films ever made. However, the film caused intense controversy and social unrest. It featured degrading portrayals of African Americans and glorified the Ku Klux Klan. The NAACP attempted to have the film banned in various places. The film even led to riots in several major United States cities.

Griffith responded to his critics by making the film Intolerance in 1916.

Intolerance production 1916
Intolerance production 1916

This film showed the effects of intolerance across four different historical periods. These periods included the Fall of Babylon and the Crucifixion of Jesus. Griffith spent a huge amount of money on this production. Unfortunately, the film did not earn enough profit to cover its costs. This massive spending contributed to his financial ruin for the rest of his life.

Griffith intolerance
Griffith intolerance

In 1919, Griffith helped found a new studio called United Artists.

Fairbanks - Pickford - Chaplin - Griffith
Fairbanks - Pickford - Chaplin - Griffith

He joined forces with Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, and Douglas Fairbanks. They wanted actors and directors to make films on their own terms. They did not want to be controlled by large commercial studios.

United Artists contract signature 1919 alt
United Artists contract signature 1919 alt

While he had later successes, many of his films faced commercial failure. This was often due to the high costs of production and promotion.

By the end of his career, Griffith had made nearly 520 films.

Stamp US 1975 10c Griffith
Stamp US 1975 10c Griffith

Almost 480 of these were short movies. Most of his work was created during the silent film era. His final feature film was titled The Struggle, released in 1931. Griffith died on July 23, 1948, following a cerebral hemorrhage. Despite his financial struggles, his impact on the film industry remains a major subject of study.

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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:GriffithDW.jpg
GriffithDW.jpg
File:Walthall with DW Griiffith2.jpg
Walthall with DW Griiffith2.jpg
File:Intolerance production 1916.jpg
Intolerance production 1916.jpg
The Birth of a Nation.webm
File:Fairbanks - Pickford - Chaplin - Griffith.jpg
Fairbanks - Pickford - Chaplin - Griffith.jpg
Intolerance (D. W. Griffith, 1916).webm
File:Griffith intolerance.jpg
Griffith intolerance.jpg
D.W. Griffith's The birth of a nation -...
File:United Artists contract signature 1919 alt.jpg
United Artists contract signature 1919 alt.jpg
File:Stamp US 1975 10c Griffith.jpg
Stamp US 1975 10c Griffith.jpg
File:DW Griffith star HWF.JPG
DW Griffith star HWF.JPG
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