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Croissant

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A croissant is a famous French pastry known for its crescent shape.

APileOfCroissants
APileOfCroissants

It is a type of Viennoiserie, which is a category of baked goods made with yeast. The texture is very special because it is both buttery and flaky. This happens because the dough sits between a regular bread and a puff pastry. People all over the world love eating them for breakfast. Many European countries include them as part of a continental breakfast.

Croissant, cross section
Croissant, cross section

Making a croissant is a careful way of working called lamination. First, bakers make a predough by mixing flour, water, yeast, salt, and sugar. They mix it in a cool room at about 24 degrees Celsius. Then, they perform the lamination step to create many thin layers. In the English method, one fold creates two fat layers and three dough layers. In the French method, one fold creates one fat layer and two dough layers. This folding and rolling creates the flaky texture we see inside.

Croissant rising
Croissant rising

History tells us that crescent-shaped breads have existed since the Renaissance. The croissant was inspired by the Austrian kipferl, which dates back to the 13th century.

Kifli
Kifli

In 1839, an Austrian officer named August Zang opened a bakery in Paris. His shop, the Boulangerie Viennoise, was very popular and inspired French bakers. The modern croissant we know today was developed in the early 20th century. Around 1905, the name croissant began appearing in records for luxury breads. A chef named Sylvain Claudius Goy also helped shape the modern recipe.

Boulangerie Viennoise formerly Zang's - 1909
Boulangerie Viennoise formerly Zang's - 1909

There are many different ways to enjoy these pastries around the world. In France and Spain, they are often eaten plain without extra butter. In the United States, people might fill them with ham and cheese. In Poland, people eat St. Martin's croissants filled with poppy seeds and nuts.

Rogale świętomarcińskie RB1
Rogale świętomarcińskie RB1

These special treats are eaten in the city of Poznań on November 11. In Italy, a similar soft pastry is called a cornetto. In Argentina, they are called medialunas, which means "half moons."

La parisienne unbaked croissant
La parisienne unbaked croissant

Croissants connect many different food cultures together. Even though they are a French icon, they have roots in Austria. In Switzerland, people call them Gipfeli and they are often less buttery. In Portugal, you can find sweet versions filled with custard or chocolate. Some versions even use a Portuguese cream made from egg yolk and sugar. Whether they are sweet or savory, these pastries are a global favorite. They show how a simple idea can travel and change across many lands.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Boulangerie Viennoise formerly Zang's - 1909.jpg
Boulangerie Viennoise formerly Zang's - 1909.jpg
File:Kifli.jpg
Kifli.jpg
File:APileOfCroissants.jpg
APileOfCroissants.jpg
File:Rogale świętomarcińskie RB1.JPG
Rogale świętomarcińskie RB1.JPG
File:Croissant rising.jpg
Croissant rising.jpg
File:Croissant, cross section.jpg
Croissant, cross section.jpg
File:La parisienne unbaked croissant.jpg
La parisienne unbaked croissant.jpg
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