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Credit card

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A credit card is a payment tool issued by a bank.

Credit-cards
Credit-cards

It allows users to purchase goods or services on credit. This means the user is actually accruing debt. This debt must be repaid to the bank at a later date. A credit card differs from a charge card in a specific way. A charge card requires the user to pay the full balance every month. In contrast, a credit card allows for a revolving credit system. This means a user can carry a continuing balance of debt. However, the bank will charge interest at a specific rate for this service.

CCardBack
CCardBack

The mechanism of a credit card involves a third-party entity. When you shop, the bank pays the seller immediately. The buyer must then reimburse the bank later. This is different from a debit card. A debit card functions more like currency owned by the user. There are also cash advances, which are different transactions. A cash advance allows a user to withdraw physical cash from an ATM. These transactions often carry higher interest rates than standard purchases. They may also include a fee of 3% to 5% of the amount borrowed.

Credit card receipt - old style
Credit card receipt - old style

The history of these tools began in the late 19th century. Early charge cards were made of many materials. They used celluloid, copper, aluminum, and steel. Some were shaped like small coins with holes for key rings. These were used by customers at hotels or department stores. In 1928, the Farrington Manufacturing Company developed the Charga-Plate. This was a rectangle of embossed sheet metal. It held a small paper card on the back for a signature. A clerk would press the plate into an imprinter to record a purchase. This process helped speed up bookkeeping for large merchants.

ATM 750x1300
ATM 750x1300

In 1934, the Air Travel Card changed how people traveled. American Airlines and the Air Transport Association created it. It used a numbering scheme to identify the issuer and the customer. Passengers could buy tickets now and pay for them later. They even received a 15% discount at accepting airlines. By 1941, about half of all airline revenues came through this agreement. In 1948, it became the first internationally valid charge card. Later, in 1950, Ralph Schneider and Frank McNamara founded Diners Club. This created the first "general purpose" charge card. It required the entire bill to be paid with each statement cycle.

Mastercharge and Bankamericard
Mastercharge and Bankamericard

The modern credit card system began in 1958. Before this, cards were issued by merchants, not banks. Bank of America launched the BankAmericard in Fresno, California. They sent cards to 60,000 residents all at once. This helped convince local merchants to accept the new system. In 1976, BankAmericard licensees united under the brand Visa. Another group of banks formed Master Charge in 1966 to compete. This later merged with Citibank's Everything Card to become MasterCard. In 1966, Barclaycard launched the first credit card outside the United States.

Credit card logos (2015-12-1816-27-350044)
Credit card logos (2015-12-1816-27-350044)

The scale of credit card use is massive today. There are 7.753 billion credit cards in the world. In 2020, the United States had 1.09 billion cards in circulation. Approximately 72.5% of American adults held at least one card. This equals about 187.3 million people. In the past, banks used "drops" to mail cards to people. These mass mailings were outlawed in 1970 because they caused financial chaos. By that time, about 100 million cards had already been mailed. Now, banks must use formal applications before sending cards.

CCardFront
CCardFront

Technology has changed how we protect these transactions. Many countries developed chip-based cards to prevent fraud. The EMV chip is a major anti-fraud device. In 1973, Dee Hock led the computerization of Visa. This allowed for much faster transaction times. Today, usage varies greatly between different cultures. Some countries like Japan remain very cash-oriented. Other regions use alternative systems like Carte Bleue or Eurocard. Despite these differences, the credit card remains a global standard for modern finance.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Credit-cards.jpg
Credit-cards.jpg
File:Mastercharge_and_Bankamericard.jpg
Mastercharge_and_Bankamericard.jpg
File:Credit card receipt - old style.jpg
Credit card receipt - old style.jpg
File:Credit card logos (2015-12-1816-27-350044).jpg
Credit card logos (2015-12-1816-27-350044).jpg
File:WeTakeCreditDebitCardsCrop.jpg
WeTakeCreditDebitCardsCrop.jpg
File:CCardFront.svg
CCardFront.svg
File:CCardBack.svg
CCardBack.svg
File:ATM 750x1300.jpg
ATM 750x1300.jpg
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