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Crab-eating fox

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The crab-eating fox, scientifically known as Cerdocyon thous, is a medium-sized canid native to central South America.

Cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous)
Cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous)

This animal is also known by several other names, including the forest dog, wood fox, or bushfox. While it is called a fox, it is not closely related to the genus Lycalopex, which contains true South American foxes. The name Cerdocyon actually comes from two Greek words: kerdo, meaning fox, and kyon, meaning dog. This name was chosen to reflect its unique physical characteristics that resemble both animals. It is currently the only living species within its genus.

Cerdocyon thous, Colombia
Cerdocyon thous, Colombia

Physically, the crab-eating fox is built for survival in diverse environments. Its coat is short and thick, with colors that vary significantly between populations. You might see fur that is grey, brown, yellowish, pale, or dark grey. Many individuals show reddish fur on their muzzle, ears, and paws. They also feature a black streak along the back legs and a black stripe along the spine. The ears are wide and round, and the tail is long, bushy, and black-tipped.

Cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous)
Cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous)

On average, the head and body length reaches a specific size, while the tail remains quite long. They also possess short but strong legs and a narrow torso. Genetically, these animals possess 74 diploid chromosomes, which is 36 pairs.

The diet of Cerdocyon thous is highly opportunistic and varied. As an omnivore, it consumes both animal matter and plant matter. The species gets its common name from its habit of searching for crabs on muddy floodplains during the wet season. However, its diet shifts based on the weather and availability of food. During the dry season, the fox tends to eat more insects. In the wet season, crustaceans become a larger part of its meals. They also eat rodents, birds, lizards, tortoises, turtle eggs, and even fruit.

Cerdocyon thous, Colombia
Cerdocyon thous, Colombia

This flexible eating habit helps them control populations of harmful insects and rodents.

These foxes are nocturnal animals, meaning they are most active during the middle of the night and early morning. They live in many different types of habitats, including savannas, woodlands, and subtropical forests. They can also be found in prickly thickets and riparian forests along riverbanks. Their range extends from Colombia and southern Venezuela in the north down to Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina. Interestingly, they avoid certain areas like rainforests, high mountains, and open grassy savannas. Their movement often changes with the seasons. In the rainy season, they move to higher ground, while they move to lower ground during dry times.

Socially, the crab-eating fox follows a monogamous breeding pattern. This means a male and a female form a pair to raise their offspring together. During the reproductive season, several of these monogamic pairs may form groups. The foxes reach sexual maturity within 9 to 10 months. An adult female typically gives birth to one or two litters per year. The gestation period, or the time the young develop inside the mother, lasts approximately 56 days. Pups are weaned from their parents' milk at about three months of age. They eventually become fully independent between 5 and 8 months old.

Cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous)
Cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous)

The history of the Cerdocyon genus is quite long. The tribe Cerdocyonina first appeared in North America about 6.0 million years ago. This group included a species called Ferrucyon avius, which went extinct around 1.4 to 1.3 million years ago. The genus Cerdocyon itself likely arrived in South America around 3.1 million years ago. Linnaeus first described the species as Canis thous in 1766. Later, in 1839, Hamilton-Smith placed it into the current genus, Cerdocyon. Scientists believe the short-eared dog may be its closest living relative, though mitochondrial investigations have not yet confirmed this relationship.

Population density for these foxes varies greatly depending on the location. In Venezuela, there may be one individual per 4 km2. In the wetlands of Argentina, the density can drop to 0.0003 individuals per km2. Despite these differences, the species is considered to be of "Least Concern" by the IUCN. This means the population is stable and the animal is common within its range. However, they do face certain challenges. Some farmers view them as a threat to livestock, which can lead to illegal hunting. Additionally, they are threatened by diseases carried by unvaccinated domestic dogs. There are five recognized subspecies, which differ in their size and fur color.

Cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous)
Cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous)
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File:Cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous).JPG
Cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous).JPG
File:Cerdocyon thous, Colombia.JPG
Cerdocyon thous, Colombia.JPG
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