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Seriema

life science Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Seriemas are large, long-legged birds belonging to the family Cariamidae. They are the only living members of this specific bird family. They also represent the only surviving lineage of the order Cariamiformes. These birds are significant because they are among the largest ground-dwelling birds endemic to the Neotropics. In this region, only the rhea is larger than the seriema.

Seriema de Perna Vermelha I
Seriema de Perna Vermelha I

Their name comes from Tupian languages, where various spellings mean "crested." This refers to the erectile crests found on their heads.

There are two distinct living species of seriemas today. The first is the red-legged seriema, or crested cariama (*Cariama cristata*). This species is the larger of the two, reaching about 90 cm in length. It lives in eastern Brazil and extends to central Argentina. The second species is the black-legged seriema (*Chunga burmeisteri*). It is slightly smaller, measuring between 70 and 85 cm. This bird prefers scrub and open woodland in northwest Argentina and Paraguay.

Black-legged seriema crop
Black-legged seriema crop

The anatomy of a seriema reflects its specific way of life. They possess long legs, long necks, and long tails. However, they have relatively short wings. This body structure shows that they prefer to forage on foot. While they can fly for short distances, they usually run to escape danger. They use flight only when it is absolutely necessary. At night, they fly to treetops to roost and find shelter.

Black-legged seriema crop
Black-legged seriema crop

Seriemas are active predators with a unique feeding mechanism. They eat insects, snakes, lizards, frogs, young birds, and rodents. They also consume small amounts of plant food like maize and beans. When they catch small reptiles, they use a specific method to eat them. They beat the prey against the ground or throw it against a hard surface. This action breaks the bones and overcomes the resistance of the prey.

Seriema de Perna Vermelha I
Seriema de Perna Vermelha I

This behavior helps them process food more efficiently.

These birds play a vital role in their local ecosystems. By eating detritivores, they help the soil receive more nutrients from dead plant matter. They are often seen near grazing livestock. Scientists believe they do this to catch insects that the animals disturb while moving. They usually move in pairs or in small groups. If they feel threatened by humans, they will spread their wings to face the threat.

Black-legged seriema crop
Black-legged seriema crop

Understanding the history of seriemas involves looking at the fossil record. Scientists believe they are the closest living relatives to the phorusrhacids. These were gigantic, carnivorous "terror birds" that lived in South and North America. Some of these extinct birds grew as tall as a human.

Idiornis tuberculata
Idiornis tuberculata

While the fossil record for seriemas is poor, two prehistoric species have been described. These include *Chunga incerta* and *Miocariama patagonica* from the Miocene of Argentina. Other fossils, like *Salimia* from the Eocene, may also be related.

Breeding biology for these birds is still being studied. Most information comes from observations of the red-legged seriema. These birds appear to be territorial during the breeding season. Rivals may engage in long fights that involve kicking and loud calling. Both sexes help build large, bulky stick nests. These nests are lined with leaves and dung and placed in trees.

Seriema de Perna Vermelha I
Seriema de Perna Vermelha I

The female performs most of the incubation, which lasts 24 to 30 days. The chicks are downy and stay in the nest for about two weeks before following their parents.

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🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Idiornis tuberculata.jpg
Idiornis tuberculata.jpg
File:Seriema de Perna Vermelha I.jpg
Seriema de Perna Vermelha I.jpg
File:Black-legged seriema crop.jpg
Black-legged seriema crop.jpg
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