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Collis Potter Huntington

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Collis Potter Huntington was a powerful American industrialist and railway magnate.

Collis Potter Huntington by William Keith, c1900
Collis Potter Huntington by William Keith, c1900

He lived from October 22, 1821, to August 13, 1900. Huntington played a vital role in building the infrastructure that connected the United States. He helped create the first transcontinental railroad and several major interstate lines. His work changed how goods and people moved across the country. Today, many of the systems he started are still essential to American industry.

Huntington's career began with hard work and travel. He was born in Harwinton, Connecticut, to a farming family. As a teenager, he saved money from odd jobs and farm chores. He eventually became a traveling salesman, or peddler. During these travels, he visited Newport News, Virginia. He noticed the area's potential near the large harbor of Hampton Roads. In 1842, he opened a general merchandise business in Oneonta, New York. Later, he moved to Sacramento, California, during the gold rush. There, he partnered with Mark Hopkins to sell hardware and supplies to miners.

In the late 1850s, Huntington joined forces with three other businessmen. They were Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker. This group was known as the "Big Four." In 1861, they formed the Central Pacific Railroad company. Their goal was to build the western link of the first U.S. transcontinental railroad. Huntington was known for being a ruthless negotiator in these business deals. He worked in Washington, D.C., to coordinate with Grenville Dodge, the eastern supervisor. They eventually decided the tracks should meet at Promontory Summit, Utah.

Collis Potter Huntington bust
Collis Potter Huntington bust

The transcontinental railroad was completed on May 10, 1869. At Promontory Summit, the Central Pacific tracks joined the Union Pacific tracks. To celebrate, workers drove a golden spike. This spike was a gift from a San Francisco banker named David Hewes. Following this success, the Big Four helped establish the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1865. This line eventually expanded to more than 9,000 miles of track. It also controlled 5,000 miles of steamship lines. The first locomotive of this line was named the *C. P. Huntington* in his honor.

After the American Civil War, Huntington turned his attention to Virginia. He helped complete the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O). This railroad was finished in 1873. It fulfilled a dream to link the James River at Richmond to the Ohio River Valley. Huntington also led the C&O's Peninsula Extension between 1881 and 1882. This project created a path for West Virginia bituminous coal to reach the coast. The coal could then be loaded onto ships at Hampton Roads for export.

Chesapeake, Ohio and Southwestern RR 1882
Chesapeake, Ohio and Southwestern RR 1882

His industrial projects led to the creation of new cities and businesses. In West Virginia, the city of Huntington was named in his honor. In Virginia, he founded the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company. This became the largest privately owned shipyard in the United States.

CSXHuntingtonDivisionHeadquarters
CSXHuntingtonDivisionHeadquarters

He also helped incorporate Newport News, Virginia, as an independent city in 1896. His family members, Henry E. Huntington and Archer M. Huntington, continued his work there. They are considered founding fathers of that community.

Collis Huntington Mausoleum 1024
Collis Huntington Mausoleum 1024

While Huntington was successful, his methods were sometimes controversial. In the 1870s and 1880s, he acted as a lobbyist in Washington, D.C. He was part of a powerful political machine used to support the railroads. In 1883, it was revealed that he had provided bribes to politicians and congressmen. This news made him one of the most hated railroad men in the country. Despite this, his impact on American transportation was massive. In 1968, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.

Many of Huntington's legacies remain active in the 21st century. The Southern Pacific railroad is now part of the Union Pacific Railroad. The Chesapeake and Ohio became part of CSX Transportation. West Virginia coal is still transported by rail to be loaded onto ships at Hampton Roads. Additionally, the massive shipyard at Newport News is now operated by Huntington Ingalls Industries. His vision for connecting resources to markets continues to shape the American economy.

Collis Potter Huntington by William Keith, c1900
Collis Potter Huntington by William Keith, c1900
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File:CSXHuntingtonDivisionHeadquarters.JPG
CSXHuntingtonDivisionHeadquarters.JPG
File:Chesapeake, Ohio and Southwestern RR 1882.jpg
Chesapeake, Ohio and Southwestern RR 1882.jpg
File:Collis Potter Huntington by William Keith, c1900.jpg
Collis Potter Huntington by William...
File:Collis Huntington Mausoleum 1024.jpg
Collis Huntington Mausoleum 1024.jpg
File:Collis Potter Huntington bust.jpg
Collis Potter Huntington bust.jpg
File:Huntington falls San Francisco golden gate park 2013-03-30 21-36.jpg
Huntington falls San Francisco golden...
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