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Coffin

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A coffin or casket is a funerary box designed for viewing or keeping a corpse. These containers are used for burial, entombment, or cremation.

A casket showroom in Billings, Montana
A casket showroom in Billings, Montana

In American English, the term "casket" is frequently used. A common distinction exists between the two names. A "coffin" often refers to a tapered hexagonal or octagonal box. This shape is sometimes called anthropoidal, meaning it resembles the human form. In contrast, a "casket" typically refers to a rectangular box. These often feature a split lid to allow for viewing the deceased.

CoffinShopWarsaw
CoffinShopWarsaw

There are many ways to construct these vessels. Makers use various materials including steel, wood, fiberglass, or recycled kraft paper.

UniversalCasket
UniversalCasket

Some modern manufacturers focus on eco-friendly options. These use natural materials like bamboo, willow, or banana leaves. The design of the container can also serve specific functions. For example, some use a gasket to create an airtight seal. In England, law once required above-ground coffins to be sealed. This often involved a wooden outer coffin around a lead lining. This lead was sometimes placed around a third inner shell.

Cultural traditions dictate many specific styles of construction. In Judaism, a coffin must be plain and made of wood. It should contain no metal parts or adornments. Instead, makers use wooden pegs instead of nails. In China, there is high demand for scented, decay-resistant woods. These include cypress, sugi, thuja, and incense-cedar. Aboriginal Australian groups have used decorated tree-bark cylinders. These are sewn with fiber and sealed with adhesive. In Ghana, specialized carpenters create "fantasy coffins."

Daniel Mensah "Hello" 2006. Foto Regula Tschumi
Daniel Mensah "Hello" 2006. Foto Regula Tschumi

These are colorful, figurative works of art. They can take the shape of aircraft, fish, or even cocoa pods.

History shows that humans have used these boxes for millennia. The earliest wooden coffin remains date to 5000 BC. These were found at the Beishouling site in Shaanxi, China.

Kane Kwei Carpentry Workshop
Kane Kwei Carpentry Workshop

In the Banpo site, archaeologists found a rectangular coffin for a four-year-old girl. This coffin measured 1.4 meters by 0.55 meters. The thickness of the wood often signaled social status. According to the Classic of Rites, the number of timber frames indicated nobility. Some Neolithic cultures used multiple layers for burials. The Liangzhu culture used double coffins with an outer and inner box. The Longshan culture used triple coffins with two outer boxes and one inner box.

Different regions have developed unique shapes over time. In Medieval Japan, coffins were round and resembled barrels.

Macau-coffin-shop-0805
Macau-coffin-shop-0805

In parts of Europe, the rectangular casket is very common. In Germany, Austria, and Hungary, the trapezoidal form is still used. This is a variant of the six-sided hexagonal design. In the United Kingdom, coffins often have one-piece sides. These sides are curved at the shoulder rather than having a join. In the United States, many cemeteries require a burial vault. This is a strong outer enclosure. It prevents the weight of the soil from collapsing the coffin.

The term "coffin" has a long linguistic history. It was first attested in English in 1380. The word derives from Old French and Latin. The Latin term comes from the Greek word "kophinos." All of these terms essentially mean "basket."

Interestingly, the word "casket" originally referred to a jewelry box. The funerary use began as a euphemism used by the undertaker's trade. These linguistic shifts show how our language evolves around sensitive topics.

Fantasy coffins in Ghana offer a deep connection to local history. These designs evolved from figurative palanquins. Palanquins are ceremonial seats used by kings.

Daniel Mensah "Hello" 2006. Foto Regula Tschumi
Daniel Mensah "Hello" 2006. Foto Regula Tschumi

Families used coffin designs that copied these royal symbols. While once reserved for traditional Ga kings, they are now used by many. Many families who use them are now Christian. For these families, the appeal is often aesthetic. They use striking forms to surprise mourners. These coffins have moved from local tradition to international art galleries. They represent a unique intersection of craft, identity, and art.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:CoffinShopWarsaw.jpg
CoffinShopWarsaw.jpg
File:A casket showroom in Billings, Montana.jpg
A casket showroom in Billings, Montana.jpg
File:Post-mortem Afonso Pena (cropped).jpg
Post-mortem Afonso Pena (cropped).jpg
File:Taüt_amb_el_cos_de_Karol_Szymanowski.jpg
Taüt_amb_el_cos_de_Karol_Szymanowski.jpg
File:Daniel Mensah "Hello" 2006. Foto Regula Tschumi.jpg
Daniel Mensah "Hello" 2006. Foto Regula...
File:Kane Kwei Carpentry Workshop.jpg
Kane Kwei Carpentry Workshop.jpg
File:Macau-coffin-shop-0805.jpg
Macau-coffin-shop-0805.jpg
File:UniversalCasket.JPG
UniversalCasket.JPG
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