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Chariot

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A chariot is a fast vehicle used for travel or battle. It looks like a small, open cart with two wheels. A driver, called a charioteer, uses horses to pull the vehicle.

Biga. Festa do esquecemento. Xinzo de Limia, Ourense, Galicia
Biga. Festa do esquecemento. Xinzo de Limia, Ourense, Galicia

Most chariots are very light so they can move quickly. Some use two horses, while others use more. In ancient Rome, a chariot with two horses was called a biga. A chariot pulled by four horses was known as a quadriga.

Chariot spread
Chariot spread

The most important part of a chariot is the spoked wheel. Before this, wheels were often solid disks. Spoked wheels made the vehicle much lighter and faster. To use chariots, people first had to tame horses. This is called domestication. Some studies suggest the Botai culture in Kazakhstan first domesticated horses around 3500 BC. This was a huge step for human civilization.

Sintashta culture artefacts 2
Sintashta culture artefacts 2

History shows that chariots spread across the world. The oldest known chariots come from the Sintashta culture in modern Russia. These date back to around 1950–1880 BC. Later, the Andronovo culture used them across the steppes. In the Near East, the Hittite empire became famous for charioteers. They made a special design with only four spokes. This allowed three warriors to ride together instead of two.

Аркаим 2015
Аркаим 2015

Chariots played a massive role in ancient wars. The Battle of Kadesh in 1274 BC was a huge event. It likely involved over 5,000 chariots fighting at once.

Hittite Chariot
Hittite Chariot

In the Indian subcontinent, rock paintings show chariots from the second millennium BC. Some researchers found bronze-disk wheel carts at a place called Sinauli. These may have been pulled by horses very long ago. In Persia, some people even used scythed chariots to help in battle.

Sinauli chariot ASI
Sinauli chariot ASI

Chariots are more than just tools for travel. They appear in many famous religious stories. In Hindu mythology, many gods are shown riding chariots. The Sun God Surya rides a one-spoked chariot.

Chariot detail, Airavatesvara, Tamil Nadu
Chariot detail, Airavatesvara, Tamil Nadu

In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna acts as a charioteer for Arjuna. The chariot can also be a symbol for the human body. In this view, the horses represent our senses. The charioteer represents the mind controlling those senses.

Oxus chariot model
Oxus chariot model
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🖼️ Images & Media (20)
File:Biga. Festa do esquecemento. Xinzo de Limia, Ourense, Galicia.jpg
Biga. Festa do esquecemento. Xinzo de...
File:Chariot spread.png
Chariot spread.png
File:Sintashta culture artefacts 2.png
Sintashta culture artefacts 2.png
File:Аркаим 2015.jpg
Аркаим 2015.jpg
File:Andronovo culture.png
Andronovo culture.png
File:Hittite Chariot.jpg
Hittite Chariot.jpg
File:Bullock cart with driver, National Museum, New Delhi.jpg
Bullock cart with driver, National...
File:Sinauli chariot ASI.jpg
Sinauli chariot ASI.jpg
File:Chariot detail, Airavatesvara, Tamil Nadu.jpg
Chariot detail, Airavatesvara, Tamil Nadu.jpg
File:A vase discovered in the southeast of Iran dating back to 2000 BC.jpg
A vase discovered in the southeast of...
File:Oxus chariot model.jpg
Oxus chariot model.jpg
File:Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747049029) (2).jpg
Denis Bourez - British Museum, London...

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