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Cartoonist

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A cartoonist is a specialized visual artist who handles two distinct creative roles. They are responsible for both the writing and the drawing of their work. This differs from a comics illustrator or a comics artist. Those professionals typically focus only on the graphic or picture-making portion of a project. A cartoonist, however, produces the literary and graphic components together. This makes the cartoonist the primary author of the idea. They create individual images known as cartoons or sequential images known as comics.

SIR JOHN TENNIEL (1820–1914), Artist and Cartoonist, Lived here
SIR JOHN TENNIEL (1820–1914), Artist and Cartoonist, Lived here

Because they manage both words and art, cartoonists work in many different formats. Their creations appear in booklets, comic books, and graphic novels. They also design comic strips, editorial cartoons, and gag cartoons. You might see their work on posters, shirts, or greeting cards. Some cartoonists create storyboards, manuals, or advertisements. Their art even appears in magazines, newspapers, and webcomics. Some artists even design the packaging for video games.

The discipline of cartooning involves both authorial and drafting skills. This makes it an interdisciplinary art form. While every cartoonist is technically a comics illustrator, the reverse is not true. An illustrator might only draw what a writer provides. A cartoonist must act as both the writer and the illustrator. Calum MacKenzie compared this to the difference between a comedian and a comedy actor. A comedian delivers their own lines and takes full responsibility for them. An actor can sometimes hide behind the script written by someone else.

History shows that cartooning has long been used to comment on society. In the 18th century, the English satirist William Hogarth used illustrations to poke fun at politics and customs. His specific style is still referred to as "Hogarthian" today. Later in England, James Gillray and Thomas Rowlandson developed political cartoons further. Gillray is often called the father of the political cartoon. He used caricature to hold King George III and various prime ministers accountable. In 1841, the magazine *Punch* coined the modern use of the word "cartoon" to describe humorous illustrations.

Benjamin Franklin - Join or Die
Benjamin Franklin - Join or Die

In the United States, cartooning became a powerful tool for communication. On May 9, 1754, Benjamin Franklin published "Join, or Die" in *The Pennsylvania Gazette*. This image depicted the American colonies as segments of a snake. It is credited as the first cartoon published in an American newspaper. During the 19th century, professional cartoonists like Thomas Nast gained fame. Nast worked for *Harper's Weekly* and introduced famous political symbols. One of these symbols was the Republican elephant.

Comic strips became very popular through distribution by syndicates. These strips appeared in mainstream newspapers all over the world. Some characters became so famous they had their own weekly newspapers. For example, the character Ally Sloper appeared in the earliest serialized comic strip in 1884. Many strips were actually the work of two people. Often, only one person's name appeared on the work. This can lead to confusion regarding who truly created the art.

SIR JOHN TENNIEL (1820–1914), Artist and Cartoonist, Lived here
SIR JOHN TENNIEL (1820–1914), Artist and Cartoonist, Lived here

The story of the strip "Moon Mullins" shows how important names are in this field. Frank Willard began the strip in 1923 and later hired Ferd Johnson as an assistant. For many decades, Johnson received no official credit for his work. He helped draw the strip while they traveled through Florida, Maine, Los Angeles, and Mexico. At its peak in the 1940s and 1950s, the strip ran in 350 newspapers. Johnson claimed he worked on the strip solo for ten years before his name was added. When the names finally changed after Willard's death, 25 newspapers dropped the strip. This shows that the name of the creator carries great weight in the industry.

Today, cartooning remains a vital part of visual culture. It connects to many different fields, from journalism to literature. Cartoonists use their unique skills to tell stories and share opinions. They continue to use both drawing and writing to reach audiences everywhere. Whether through a single gag or a long graphic novel, they remain essential creators.

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File:Benjamin Franklin - Join or Die.jpg
Benjamin Franklin - Join or Die.jpg
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