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Punch (magazine)

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Punch, also known as The London Charivari, was a highly influential British weekly magazine. It focused on humor and satire, which is using jokes to comment on society and politics.

PunchMagazineMeeting
PunchMagazineMeeting

Established in 1841, it became a cornerstone of Victorian culture. The magazine was famous for its sophisticated wit and its polite tone. Unlike other satirical papers, it avoided being overly offensive. This helped it become a staple in British drawing rooms. It eventually reached a level of respectability that allowed it to be mentioned in major newspapers like The Times.

True humility
True humility

The magazine's identity was built on specific artistic and literary traditions. The editors chose the name from Mr. Punch, the anarchic glove puppet from Punch and Judy shows. This character often appeared on magazine covers as a mascot.

SubstanceandShadow
SubstanceandShadow

One of the most important contributions was the popularization of the word "cartoon." In 1843, the term originally referred to large, finished sketches used as preliminary works for murals. Punch humorously applied this term to its own political drawings. This use was so successful that the word became the standard name for comic illustrations. The magazine also utilized new mass printing technologies to reach a wide audience.

Many distinct groups and individuals shaped the magazine's character. During the 1840s and 1850s, a group of artists and writers became known as "The Punch Brotherhood." This group included the famous author Charles Dickens. The magazine also featured a variety of talented artists. John Leech, Richard Doyle, and Charles Keene were key members. John Tenniel joined in 1850 and served as the chief cartoonist from 1864 to 1901.

Our New First Lord at Sea
Our New First Lord at Sea

Additionally, Helen Hoppner Coode holds the distinction of being the first woman contributor to the publication.

The history of Punch is marked by both struggle and massive success. It was founded on 17 July 1841 by Henry Mayhew and Ebenezer Landells. They began with a very small initial investment of only £25. The magazine faced early financial difficulties and was sold to the publishers Bradbury and Evans in December 1842. Under new leadership, the magazine's popularity grew rapidly. While it initially struggled, an 1842 Almanack issue sold a surprising 90,000 copies. This helped prove there was a massive market for their style of humor.

Throughout its long history, the magazine's circulation numbers were quite remarkable. By 1850, it was selling 40,000 copies per week. By 1910, the weekly sales had risen to over 100,000 copies. The magazine reached its absolute peak in circulation between 1947 and 1948. During this time, it sold between 175,000 and 184,000 copies. However, sales began a steady decline after the 1940s. The original publication closed in 1992. A brief revival in 1996 was not profitable and closed again in 2002.

Punch left a lasting mark on language and global media. It introduced several phrases into the English language, such as "The Crystal Palace." It also gave us the term "Curate's egg," which appeared in an 1895 cartoon by George du Maurier. The magazine's influence was truly global, spreading throughout the British Empire.

Punch in Canada - 1(6) - 1849-03-31 - John H. Walker
Punch in Canada - 1(6) - 1849-03-31 - John H. Walker

It inspired versions in Canada, India, and Australia. In Japan, the magazine inspired elements of what would become modern manga. Even in China, the first humor magazine in the region was established following this model.

Beyond its printed pages, Punch left behind physical and cultural connections. A famous long oval Victorian table used by the staff was eventually acquired by the British Library. The wooden surface is covered in carved initials from famous editors and writers. These carvings include names like William Makepeace Thackeray and even the future Charles III. The magazine's legacy is also seen in how it shaped political discourse. By caricaturing major events, such as the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny, it provided a specific lens through which the British public viewed the world.

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File:SubstanceandShadow.jpg
SubstanceandShadow.jpg
File:True humility.png
True humility.png
File:Father Christmas Up-To-Date, Punch, Dec 1896.jpg
Father Christmas Up-To-Date, Punch, Dec 1896.jpg
File:PunchMagazineMeeting.jpg
PunchMagazineMeeting.jpg
File:Our New First Lord at Sea.png
Our New First Lord at Sea.png
File:Punch in Canada - 1(6) - 1849-03-31 - John H. Walker.jpg
Punch in Canada - 1(6) - 1849-03-31 -...
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