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Carrie Nation

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Carrie Nation was a radical leader in the American temperance movement.

CarrieNation
CarrieNation

Temperance refers to the movement to limit or stop the consumption of alcohol. Nation is famous for her intense and direct methods of protest. She often attacked alcohol-serving establishments, such as taverns, using a hatchet. Because of her forceful actions, she earned the nickname "Hatchet Granny." However, she was also known as "Mother Nation" for her charitable work. She believed her activism was a divine mission to improve society.

Nation’s passion for temperance grew from personal tragedy. She first married Charles Gloyd, a physician, in 1867. Gloyd struggled with severe alcoholism and died in 1869. This loss deeply influenced her view of alcohol's impact on families. In 1874, she married David Nation, an attorney and minister. The couple attempted to run a 1,700-acre cotton plantation in Texas. This farming venture was unsuccessful, leading them to move frequently. They eventually settled in Medicine Lodge, Kansas, where her activism intensified.

In Kansas, Nation began her work with the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. She initially used peaceful methods to protest the sale of liquor. She would sing hymns to patrons or make pointed remarks to bartenders. However, she eventually sought more direct action. In 1900, she claimed to receive a divine vision telling her to "smash" establishments. She began by using rocks to destroy saloon stock in Kiowa, Kansas. Following a suggestion from her husband, she later switched to using a hatchet.

Nation’s raids became a major part of her public identity. She called these destructive acts "hatchetations."

Carrie Nation postcard
Carrie Nation postcard

She would enter bars alone or with groups of women singing hymns. While singing, she would smash bar fixtures and alcohol bottles with her hatchet. Between 1900 and 1910, she was arrested at least 32 times. To pay her many legal fines, she sold souvenirs. These included stick pins shaped like hatchets that read "Death to Rum."

Beyond her raids, Nation was a dedicated humanitarian. In 1890, she founded a sewing circle in Medicine Lodge, Kansas. This group provided clothing and holiday meals to the poor.

Carry Nation house from NE 1
Carry Nation house from NE 1

In 1901, she established a shelter in Kansas City, Missouri. This facility served the wives and children of people struggling with alcoholism. Historians describe this as an early model for modern battered women's shelters. She also campaigned against corsets, which she believed constricted women's vital organs.

Nation’s fame eventually took her far beyond the American Midwest. She became a public figure, appearing in vaudeville shows in the United States.

Texas Historical Marker for the Site of Carry Nation's Hotel in East Columbia, Texas
Texas Historical Marker for the Site of Carry Nation's Hotel in East Columbia, Texas

She also traveled to Great Britain to give lectures in music halls. Her international tour was not always successful. During a 1909 lecture in London, an audience member threw an egg at her. Offended, she ended her contract and returned to the United States.

In her final years, Nation lived in Eureka Springs, Arkansas. She founded a home there known as "Hatchet Hall." She died on June 9, 1911, after collapsing during a speech.

Her legacy remains visible through various monuments and cultural works. A life-size bronze statue of her stands in Wichita, Kansas. Her life is also reflected in operas, plays, and television shows. She remains a significant figure in the history of American social reform.

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File:CarrieNation.jpg
CarrieNation.jpg
File:Texas Historical Marker for the Site of Carry Nation's Hotel in East Columbia, Texas.jpg
Texas Historical Marker for the Site of...
File:Carrie Nation postcard.jpg
Carrie Nation postcard.jpg
File:Carry Nation house from NE 1.jpg
Carry Nation house from NE 1.jpg
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