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Cape Verde

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Cape Verde, also known as Cabo Verde, is an archipelagic state in the central Atlantic Ocean.

Cape Verde.2010-11-23.250m-per-px
Cape Verde.2010-11-23.250m-per-px

It is located approximately 600 to 850 kilometres west of the Cap-Vert peninsula in Senegal. This proximity to the African coast gave the nation its name. The country consists of ten volcanic islands. These islands cover a total land area of about 4,033 square kilometres.

Topographic map of Cape Verde-en
Topographic map of Cape Verde-en

Geographically, Cape Verde is part of the Macaronesia ecoregion. This region also includes the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles.

Location Cape Verde AU Africa
Location Cape Verde AU Africa

The geological history of the archipelago began roughly 40 to 50 million years ago. These islands formed during the Eocene epoch through volcanic activity. For much of this time, the islands remained entirely uninhabited. European discovery occurred around 1456 by Genoese and Portuguese navigators. Official Portuguese records from 1462 credit António de Noli with these early discoveries. King Afonso V later appointed de Noli as the governor. Other explorers like Diogo Dias and Alvise Cadamosto also contributed to the mapping of the islands.

Insulae Capitis viridis-1598
Insulae Capitis viridis-1598

In 1462, Portuguese settlers established Ribeira Grande on the island of Santiago. This site became one of the first permanent European settlements in the tropics. Today, this historical location is known as Cidade Velha. The archipelago experienced significant economic shifts over several centuries. During the 16th century, the islands prospered through the transatlantic slave trade. Economic growth was driven by trading manufactured goods, rum, and cloth for ivory, gold, and enslaved people. However, the 19th century brought hardship. Persistent droughts and a decline in the slave trade caused economic instability. This led to widespread emigration from the islands.

Ribeira Principal (1)
Ribeira Principal (1)

Cape Verde eventually found new economic strength through maritime commerce. Its position along mid-Atlantic shipping lanes made it a vital stopping point for ships. The harbour at Mindelo on São Vicente became a major commercial centre. This period of recovery helped the islands maintain their importance in Atlantic trade. The movement toward independence grew due to a lack of natural resources and limited autonomy under Portuguese rule. In 1956, Amílcar Cabral helped organize the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC). This group demanded better political and economic conditions. After a period of struggle, Cape Verde achieved full independence in 1975.

Garthpool SLV AllanGreen
Garthpool SLV AllanGreen

Today, Cape Verde is a stable semi-presidential representative democratic republic. It is recognized as one of the most developed and democratic nations in Africa. In 2020, it was ranked as the most democratic nation on the continent. The government consists of a president and a prime minister. The president serves as the head of state and is elected every five years. The prime minister acts as the head of government and is appointed by the president. The judicial system includes a Supreme Court of Justice and various regional courts.

CV-praia-just-pal
CV-praia-just-pal

The population of Cape Verde is approximately 491,233 people as of 2021. This makes it one of the least populous countries in Africa. The islands are not equally populated. Santiago is the most populous island with 269,370 residents. It hosts the capital city, Praia, which is the largest city with 137,868 people.

PraiaCentrodeSaúde
PraiaCentrodeSaúde

Other significant islands include São Vicente, Santo Antão, Fogo, and Sal. While Portuguese is the official language, most citizens speak Cape Verdean Creole, or Crioulo. A large diaspora of Cape Verdean people lives abroad, particularly in the United States and Portugal.

Cape Verdean embassies
Cape Verdean embassies

The modern economy is primarily service-oriented because the islands lack many natural resources. Tourism and foreign investment are major focuses for growth. The country also maintains a very active foreign policy. It is a member of the African Union and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. Cape Verdean culture is also known for its music and unique traditions. For example, the people are famously musical, often performing in local settings.

Chã das Caldeiras-Musiciens
Chã das Caldeiras-Musiciens

Even the local food, such as the dish called Cachupa, reflects the islands' unique identity.

Cachupa 2
Cachupa 2
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🖼️ Images & Media (32)
File:Cape Verde (orthographic projection).svg
Cape Verde (orthographic projection).svg
File:Location Cape Verde AU Africa.svg
Location Cape Verde AU Africa.svg
Cântico da Liberdade (instrumental).ogg
File:Insulae Capitis viridis-1598.jpg
Insulae Capitis viridis-1598.jpg
File:Garthpool SLV AllanGreen.jpg
Garthpool SLV AllanGreen.jpg
File:Jorge Carlos Fonseca with Obamas 2014.jpg
Jorge Carlos Fonseca with Obamas 2014.jpg
File:CV-praia-just-pal.jpg
CV-praia-just-pal.jpg
File:Cape Verdean embassies.PNG
Cape Verdean embassies.PNG
File:Marins du Cap-Vert en 2011.jpg
Marins du Cap-Vert en 2011.jpg
File:Topographic map of Cape Verde-en.svg
Topographic map of Cape Verde-en.svg
File:Cape Verde.2010-11-23.250m-per-px.jpg
Cape Verde.2010-11-23.250m-per-px.jpg
File:Calhau.jpg
Calhau.jpg

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