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Calypso music

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Calypso is a vibrant and rhythmic style of music.

Trinidadian Calypso group Lovey's String Band
Trinidadian Calypso group Lovey's String Band

It originated with Afro-Trinidadians in Trinidad and Tobago during the early to mid-19th century. The genre is defined by its highly rhythmic and harmonic vocals. It serves as a powerful tool for social and political expression. For many, it is a way to share news and challenge authority. This music carries deep cultural meaning for the people of the Caribbean Antilles.

The creation of calypso involves specific vocal roles and clever lyrical techniques. Originally, a leader known as a griot led the singing in French Creole. As the music evolved, this role became known as a chantuelle. Eventually, these performers were called calypsonians. To bypass censorship, singers often used double entendre, which is a form of double-speak. This allowed them to discuss sensitive topics like politics or scandal through hidden meanings. They could criticize colonial governments while appearing to sing about other subjects.

Calypso is not a single sound but includes many distinct regional genres. In Antigua and Barbuda, people perform a style called benna. Jamaica has mento, a folk music that influenced ska and reggae. Barbados features a popular style known as spouge. Dominica has cadence-lypso, which blends calypso with the cadence of Haiti. Another major evolution is soca music. Soca emerged in the mid-1970s by mixing calypso with soul, funk, and Latin influences. It also incorporates elements from chutney music.

The history of calypso is rooted in the 17th and 18th centuries. Its rhythms trace back to West African Kaiso. The music was shaped by the arrival of French planters and their enslaved people. Enslaved Africans used these songs to communicate and mock slave masters. After the abolition of slavery in 1834, calypso grew alongside the Trinidadian Carnival. Competitions became very popular during these festivities. The name "calypso" itself may come from "kaiso," meaning "go on!" in Efik or Ibibio. Some suggest it is a corruption of the French word carrouseaux.

Recording history helped move calypso from local traditions to global pop culture.

Calypso dance pattern
Calypso dance pattern

Lovey's String Band made the first identifiable calypso recording in 1912. In 1914, the chantwell Julian Whiterose, known as the Iron Duke, made early English recordings. The 1930s became a "golden era" for the genre. An entrepreneur named Eduardo de Sá Gomes helped artists like Roaring Lion record in New York in 1934. This helped the music reach international audiences. In 1956, Harry Belafonte's "Banana Boat Song" became a massive hit. It was the first calypso record to sell more than one million copies.

Notable artists have shaped the legacy of the music through the decades.

Calypso22
Calypso22

Lord Kitchener was one of the longest-lasting stars, releasing hits until his death in 2000. Mighty Sparrow won Trinidad's Music contest in 1956 and released the international hit "Jean and Dinah." Women also made significant impacts on the genre. Calypso Rose was the first woman to win the Trinidad Road March in 1977. She also won the Calypso King competition in 1978. Because of her, the title was changed to Calypso Monarch to honor women.

Calypso's influence extends far beyond the Caribbean islands. It has touched film soundtracks and even major animation. The song "Under the Sea" from Disney's *The Little Mermaid* uses a calypso theme. That song won an Academy Award in 1989 and a Grammy in 1991. In Sri Lanka, Nithi Kanagaratnam used calypso styles to create Tamil popular music. The genre also connects to modern electronic music, such as works by Jean Michel Jarre. From political protest to global pop, calypso remains a vital musical force.

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🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Calypso dance pattern.png
Calypso dance pattern.png
File:Trinidadian Calypso group Lovey's String Band.jpg
Trinidadian Calypso group Lovey's String Band.jpg
File:Calypso22.jpg
Calypso22.jpg
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