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Bubiyan Island

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Bubiyan Island is the largest island in the Kuwaiti coastal island chain. It sits in the north-western corner of the Persian Gulf. This island is part of the Shatt al-Arab delta. The Shatt al-Arab is a river that divides Iraq and Iran. Bubiyan is the largest of eight islands located southwest of this river mouth. Today, the island is a site of significant industrial and environmental importance. It serves as a location for major port construction and vital wildlife habitats.

The physical landscape of Bubiyan is shaped by water and sediment. The island was originally formed by sediment from the Tigris–Euphrates river system. Most of the land consists of low-lying mud flats. The terrain is mainly flat, though salt marshes cover some of the coasts. In the center of the island, there are intermittent wadis. A wadi is a dry river bed that only contains water sometimes. During high spring tides or strong southerly gales, seawater encroaches upon the mud flats. Because the island is so low, it faces a risk of inundation from rising sea levels.

Water channels define the boundaries of the island. To the northeast, the Al-Zubayr channel separates Bubiyan from the Iraqi coast. To the southwest, the Al-Sabiyyah channel separates the island from the Kuwaiti mainland. This channel also sits between Bubiyan and Warbah Island. A long concrete girder bridge connects the island to the mainland. This bridge crosses the Khawr as Sabiyah channel. It was built between 1981 and 1983 and opened in February 1983. The bridge connects the mainland to the area northwest of Ras al Barshah.

Archaeological evidence shows that humans have visited Bubiyan for many centuries. Researchers have discovered torpedo-jar pottery sherds on several prominent beach ridges. These artifacts date back to the Sasanian period, which lasted from 300 to 650 AD. They also represent the early Islamic period from 650 to 800 AD. More recently, the island experienced significant changes during the Gulf War of 1991. During this conflict, the island was converted into a military base. A large oil spill also occurred in the surrounding area. Additionally, four spans of the bridge were destroyed, though they were rebuilt in 1999.

Nature plays a critical role in the island's identity through the Mubarak al-Kabeer reserve. This reserve was designated as Kuwait's first Wetland of International Importance. This status came after Kuwait became the 169th signatory of the Ramsar Convention. The reserve covers 50,948 hectares of land. It is composed of shallow salt marshes and small lagoons. These wetlands are essential stop-overs for birds on two major migration routes. One route carries birds from Turkey to India. The other route carries birds from Eurasia to Africa. The island is also home to the world's largest breeding colony of crab-plover (Dromas ardeola). Furthermore, the surrounding sea acts as a major nursery for many commercial fish species.

Economic development is currently transforming the island through the Mubarak Al Kabeer Port. This port is part of the Silk City project. It is also linked to China's Belt and Road Initiative. As of September 2020, reports indicated the port was 53% complete. There are also plans to develop linkages between Pakistan's Gwadar Port and the Mubarak Al Kabeer Port. The development of this port will include new infrastructure on the island. This includes power plants and substations to support the area. A 5,000-megawatt power plant has already been constructed in the neighboring Subiya region.

Bubiyan Island connects local geography to global systems. It connects regional trade through the Silk City project and the Belt and Road Initiative. It also connects global wildlife through its role in international bird migration. Even in literature, the island appears in the 1933 science fiction book "The Shape of Things to Come" by H. G. Wells. In that story, the island provides recreational facilities for a conference in Basra. From ancient pottery to modern ports, the island remains a place of constant change.

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