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Bougainvillea

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Bougainvillea is a genus of thorny ornamental plants that includes vines, bushes, and trees.

Bougainvillea, Behbahan
Bougainvillea, Behbahan

These plants belong to the Nyctaginaceae family. They are native to several regions in South America, such as Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and Argentina. They are also found in Mexico and Paraguay. Because they are so colorful, people use them for decoration all over the world.

Pink Bougainvillea
Pink Bougainvillea

They are particularly popular in warm climates like Florida, California, and the Mediterranean Basin.

The appearance of the plant is quite unique due to its specialized structures. While people often focus on the bright colors, the actual flowers are small and usually white.

Starr 080610-8171 Bougainvillea spectabilis
Starr 080610-8171 Bougainvillea spectabilis

Each cluster of three simple, waxy flowers is surrounded by three or six bracts. Bracts are modified leaves that act like petals to attract attention. These bracts come in many shades, including pink, magenta, purple, red, orange, white, and yellow. One specific species, Bougainvillea glabra, is known as the "paper flower" because its bracts are very thin and papery. The plant also features long, heart-shaped leaves and sharp thorns that help it scramble over other plants.

Understanding the biology of Bougainvillea requires looking at how it grows and reproduces. The plant can be evergreen if it receives rainfall all year. However, it becomes deciduous, meaning it loses its leaves, if there is a dry season. The fruit of the plant is a narrow, five-lobed achene. Many modern varieties are actually hybrids. A hybrid is a plant created when two different species breed together. For example, B. × buttiana is a natural hybrid of B. glabra and possibly B. peruviana. In the 1930s, researchers found that many hybrid crosses were happening spontaneously in places like India, Australia, and the Philippines.

The history of the plant is tied to famous explorers and botanists. The genus is named after Louis Antoine de Bougainville, who was a French explorer. During his voyage to circumnavigate the Earth, the botanist Philibert Commerçon documented the plant. The first published description came from Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789. For many years, the spelling of the name changed frequently. It was not until the 1930s that the spelling "Bougainvillea" was officially established in the Index Kewensis. In the early 19th century, nurseries in France and Britain began selling these plants to colonies around the world.

Cultivating Bougainvillea requires specific environmental conditions to thrive. These plants prefer very bright, full sun and dry soil. They are very drought tolerant, which means they can survive with little water once they are established. In fact, they may not flourish if they are over-watered. They are also highly salt-tolerant, making them excellent choices for coastal regions. While they are frost-sensitive, they can be grown as houseplants in cooler areas. They are even used by Bonsai enthusiasts because they are easy to train and flower beautifully in the spring.

There is a massive variety of Bougainvillea in existence today. While there are between 4 and 22 recognized species, there are over 300 different cultivars.

Bougainvillea glabra at Kadavoor
Bougainvillea glabra at Kadavoor

Some cultivars, such as 'San Diego Red' and 'Mary Palmer's Enchantment,' have even won awards from the Royal Horticultural Society. However, the high number of hybrids can make it difficult for scientists to identify exactly where a specific plant came from. Natural mutations, known as bud-sports, also occur spontaneously where large numbers of plants are grown. This can sometimes lead to confusion regarding the correct names for different varieties.

Because of their beauty, Bougainvillea holds special status in many locations.

Island Greece Santorini Flowers Blue Travel Sea
Island Greece Santorini Flowers Blue Travel Sea

It is the national flower of Grenada. It is also the official flower for many places, including the island of Guam and several counties in Taiwan. Many cities in China and the Philippines also recognize it as an official flower.

Никитский ботанический сад 022
Никитский ботанический сад 022

Despite its beauty, humans should handle the plant with care. The sap from the plant can cause serious skin rashes. This makes it important to be cautious when pruning or working closely with the vines.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Bougainvillea, Behbahan.jpg
Bougainvillea, Behbahan.jpg
File:Starr 080610-8171 Bougainvillea spectabilis.jpg
Starr 080610-8171 Bougainvillea spectabilis.jpg
File:Bougainvillea glabra at Kadavoor.jpg
Bougainvillea glabra at Kadavoor.jpg
File:Pink Bougainvillea.jpg
Pink Bougainvillea.jpg
File:Island_Greece_Santorini_Flowers_Blue_Travel_Sea.jpg
Island_Greece_Santorini_Flowers_Blue_Trave...
File:Никитский ботанический сад 022.jpg
Никитский ботанический сад 022.jpg
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