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Billy the Kid

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Billy the Kid was a famous outlaw from the American Old West.

Billy the Kid tintype, Fort Sumner, 1879-80
Billy the Kid tintype, Fort Sumner, 1879-80

His real name was Henry McCarty. He was born in New York City in 1859. Historians are not sure if his birthday was September 17 or November 23. His parents were named Catherine and Patrick McCarty. After his father died, the family moved to Indiana and then to Kansas.

Photo of Billy the Kid (left)
Photo of Billy the Kid (left)

Eventually, they moved to the New Mexico Territory. His mother died of tuberculosis in 1874 when he was only 14. This left Henry and his brother Joseph as orphans.

As a teenager, Henry began a life of crime. He was caught stealing food in 1875. Ten days later, he and a friend robbed a Chinese laundry. They stole clothing and two pistols. Henry escaped from jail and became a fugitive. He later moved to Arizona to work as a ranch hand.

Rancher Henry C Hooker retouched cropped
Rancher Henry C Hooker retouched cropped

He worked for a rancher named Henry Hooker in 1876. During this time, he began stealing horses with a man named John Mackie. He also started using the name William H. Bonney. In 1877, he killed a blacksmith named Francis Cahill during a fight. This made him a wanted man in Arizona.

Billy became a major part of the Lincoln County War in 1878.

John Tunstall seated pose cropped and retouched
John Tunstall seated pose cropped and retouched

He worked as a cowboy for a rancher named John Henry Tunstall. Tunstall had a disagreement with a group of businessmen in Lincoln County. In February 1878, members of a posse killed Tunstall. This event started the war between two different groups. Billy and a man named Dick Brewer joined a group called the Regulators. The Regulators wanted justice for Tunstall. They fought many battles against the other side.

The fighting was very intense in the town of Lincoln. In July 1878, a large battle took place there. A group of fifty or sixty men stayed in the town. One group defended the home of Alexander McSween. During the fight, a building was set on fire. Billy and others had to flee the flames.

LincolnNM Jail and Courthouse
LincolnNM Jail and Courthouse

After the war, Billy was accused of several crimes. He was even indicted for the murder of a bookkeeper named Morris Bernstein. However, the charges against him were not all successful.

In December 1880, newspapers in New York and New Mexico wrote about him. This made him very famous across the country.

Pat Garrett2
Pat Garrett2

Sheriff Pat Garrett eventually captured him in late 1880. Billy was tried for the murder of Sheriff William J. Brady. He was sentenced to hang in May 1881. He escaped from jail on April 28 and killed two deputies. He stayed free for two months before Garrett found him. Garrett shot and killed Billy in Fort Sumner on July 14, 1881. Today, many movies and shows still tell his story.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Rancher Henry C Hooker retouched cropped.jpg
Rancher Henry C Hooker retouched cropped.jpg
File:John Tunstall seated pose cropped and retouched.jpg
John Tunstall seated pose cropped and...
File:Dick Brewer cropped b&w.jpg
Dick Brewer cropped b&w.jpg
File:Gov Lew Wallace in 1893 cropped lightened.jpg
Gov Lew Wallace in 1893 cropped lightened.jpg
File:Tom O'Folliard circa 1875 retouched and cropped.jpg
Tom O'Folliard circa 1875 retouched and...
File:Pat Garrett2.jpg
Pat Garrett2.jpg
File:LincolnNM Jail and Courthouse.jpg
LincolnNM Jail and Courthouse.jpg
File:Billy the Kid tintype, Fort Sumner, 1879-80.jpg
Billy the Kid tintype, Fort Sumner, 1879-80.jpg
File:Photo of Billy the Kid (left).JPG
Photo of Billy the Kid (left).JPG
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