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Billboard

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A billboard, also known as a hoarding in the United Kingdom, is a large outdoor advertising structure.

Billboard 1
Billboard 1

These structures are typically placed in high-traffic areas to reach many people. You will often find them alongside busy roads, major highways, or expressways. Companies use them to build their brand identity or to promote new products. Because they are so large, they offer high-density exposure to consumers. This visibility is often enhanced by creative customizations like three-dimensional embellishments.

Times Square Evening
Times Square Evening

To be effective, a billboard must capture attention almost instantly. Drivers usually pass these signs at high speeds, so the message must be readable in seconds. Most designs use only a few words in large print. They also use brilliant colors and arresting images to create a memorable impression. Some advanced designs even spill outside the physical borders of the sign. For example, Chick-fil-A used three-dimensional cow figures that appeared to be painting the boards.

Mobile Bicycle Billboard from Singapore, April 9 2013
Mobile Bicycle Billboard from Singapore, April 9 2013

Another unique attempt involved a "scented billboard" in North Carolina. From May 28 to June 18, 2010, a Bloom grocery sign emitted the odors of charcoal and black pepper. This occurred between 7–10 A.M. and 4–7 P.M. to suggest the smell of a grilled steak.

Historically, many billboards were created through a detailed hand-painting process. Artists worked in large studios to prepare the images. They would project an image onto paper panels that made up the billboard. A pounce wheel was used to create perforated lines for the design. Then, a chalk-filled pounce bag was used to transfer these patterns onto the board. Artists used large brushes and oil paints to finish the work.

This method was especially popular in Los Angeles with firms like Foster & Kleiser. While graphic reproduction has largely replaced this, hand-painting is still seen on the Sunset Strip for films and albums.

Modern technology has introduced several new types of advertising structures. Digital billboards use computer software to display running text or various images. This allows for flexible, real-time scheduling known as programmatic out-of-home advertising. Some digital boards can even use 3D effects or conductive ink to play audio when touched. There is also a technical invention called "trivision" that rotates three different images for presentation.

Alk Variant 02 cropped
Alk Variant 02 cropped

Other specialized versions include mobile billboards on bicycles or trailers. A UK survey found that 81.7% of people recalled moving multi-image signs. This is significantly higher than the 19% retention rate for static signs.

Billboards can also serve multiple purposes beyond simple advertising. Some structures integrate a telecommunications antenna or public lighting support into their design. These usually consist of a steel pole with a coupling flange. The lighting, wiring, and antennas are tucked safely inside the structure. You might also see free-standing two-sided or three-sided billboards along highways. In dense cities like New York, billboards are often mounted on the sides of buildings.

1 times square night 2013
1 times square night 2013

These can become massive frescoes that incorporate the building's features, like using windows as eyes.

The scale of the billboard industry is quite massive. In 1991, there were approximately 450,000 billboards on US highways. The Outdoor Advertising Association of America (OAAA) currently estimates the number at 368,263. Between 5,000 and 15,000 new billboards are erected every year. In Europe, billboards are a major source of income for urban street furniture. However, their presence is often a subject of intense debate. Groups like Scenic America argue that they cause visual pollution by intruding on natural landscapes.

Arcata CA Billboard Down
Arcata CA Billboard Down

Safety and legal concerns are also major factors in billboard management. A study by the Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland found that crash risks increase by 25-29% near digital roadside signs. This is because the frequently changing content can distract drivers. Because of these risks, some cities have implemented bans. Athens, Greece, removed many rooftop billboards to beautify the city for the 2004 Olympics. São Paulo, Brazil, instituted a billboard ban in 2007 due to a lack of regulations. In Australia, the capital city of Canberra has very few billboards due to a 1937 ordinance.

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🖼️ Images & Media (17)
File:Pelican hot tubs sale billboard reading “Pelican beat the tariffs!”.jpg
Pelican hot tubs sale billboard reading...
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2013 01 15 Somali Artists Shoot II a...
File:Times Square Evening.jpg
Times Square Evening.jpg
File:Hotel Forum.jpg
Hotel Forum.jpg
File:Billboard 1.jpg
Billboard 1.jpg
File:1 times square night 2013.jpg
1 times square night 2013.jpg
File:Mobile Bicycle Billboard from Singapore, April 9 2013.jpg
Mobile Bicycle Billboard from Singapore,...
File:Alk Variant 02 cropped.jpg
Alk Variant 02 cropped.jpg
File:Billboard at Seinäjoki.JPG
Billboard at Seinäjoki.JPG
File:"Advertise Here" billboard for Billboard Media on New Road, Chatham, Kent, England.jpg
"Advertise Here" billboard for Billboard...
File:Arcata CA Billboard Down.jpg
Arcata CA Billboard Down.jpg
File:Panoramic view of Los Angeles looking north from the Pacific Electric building, ca. January 1, 1907 (CHS-5816).jpg
Panoramic view of Los Angeles looking...

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