Bhubaneswar

Bhubaneswar is a big city in Odisha.

It is known as the Temple City. This is because many old temples stand there.

Many people visit the city to see these sites. It is also a place for sports and computers.

The city has wide roads and green parks. It was built to be a modern capital.

Bhubaneswar is a very busy and special place.

Bhubaneswar is the capital city of Odisha.

It sits in the Khordha district. The city is in the eastern coastal plains. It is near the Daya River and the Kuakhai River.

People call it the "Temple City." This is because many old temples are there. Some were built between the 6th and 13th centuries.

The city has a very old history. Some parts go back to the 1st century BCE. It is a place where Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain traditions meet.

Bhubaneswar is also a modern city. A German architect named Otto Königsberger designed it. It was one of the first planned cities in India.

Today, the city is a hub for many things. It is a center for sports and tourism. It is also a place for IT, which means computer technology.

The weather is often hot and humid. Most rain falls between June and September. The city is also known for being a smart city.

Bhubaneswar is the capital city of the Indian state of Odisha.

It sits in the Khordha district on the eastern coastal plains. The city lies near the axis of the Eastern Ghats mountains. It is part of the Mahanadi River Delta. Two rivers flow near the city. The Daya River is 4 km to the south. The Kuakhai River is 4 km to the east.

The land has hills in the north and west. The soil is mostly laterite, with some alluvial soil and sandstone.

This city is often called the "Temple City."

This name comes from the many temples found there. Many of these were built between the 6th and 13th centuries. You can see temples like Lingaraja, Nilakantha Siva, and Muktesvara. The old town is the oldest part of the city. It has narrow roads and many residential areas. One special building is the Ananta Vasudeva Temple. It is the only old temple for Vishnu in the city.

The history of this area is very long. Some parts of the city go back to the 1st century BCE.

Near the city, you can find the ruins of Sisupalgarh. The area was once ruled by many different groups. These include the Mauryan empire and the Mahameghavahana dynasty. A famous ruler named Kharavela left inscriptions at the Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves. Another important site is Dhauli. This was the site of the Kalinga War in 261 BCE.

The Mauryan emperor Ashoka once ruled this land.

The modern city was built to be a planned capital.

In 1946, a plan was made to move the capital from Cuttack. This was because Cuttack was often flooded. The new city was designed by a German architect named Otto Königsberger. It was one of the first planned cities in modern India. The foundation for the new capital was laid on 13 April 1948.

In 1951, the town had only 16,000 people. By 1991, the population grew to 411,542.

Today, Bhubaneswar is a busy center for many things.

It is a hub for sports, tourism, and IT. The city is also known as a "smart city." It is a place for learning with many institutes. You can find Utkal University and the Institute of Physics there.

The weather is tropical and often hot. Summers can be very hot and humid. Most of the rain falls during the monsoon from June to September.

The city is a popular destination in Eastern India.

Bhubaneswar is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Odisha.

It is located within the Khordha district on the eastern coastal plains. The city sits along the axis of the Eastern Ghats mountains. It is part of the Mahanadi River Delta. The Daya River flows 4 km to the south. The Kuakhai River flows 4 km to the east.

The geography is divided into western uplands and eastern lowlands. The soil consists of 65% laterite, 25% alluvial, and 10% sandstone. The city is a major center for tourism, sports, and information technology (IT). It is also recognized as a "smart city" in India.

The history of the region is extremely deep. Evidence of human life can be traced to the 1st century BCE.

Near the city lie the ruins of Sisupalgarh. In 261 BCE, the Kalinga War took place at Dhauli.

The Mauryan emperor Ashoka invaded and annexed Kalinga during this time. Later, the Mahameghavahana dynasty ruled the area. Its most famous ruler was Kharavela. He left the Hathigumpha inscriptions at the Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves. Over many centuries, the land was ruled by the Satavahanas, Guptas, and the Eastern Gangas. The Eastern Gangas ruled until the 14th century CE.

Bhubaneswar is famously known as the "Temple City." This nickname comes from the many ancient temples located there. Most of these Kalingan temples were built between the 6th and 13th centuries CE.

Notable examples include the Lingaraja, Nilakantha Siva, and Rajarani temples. The Ananta Vasudeva Temple is the only old temple dedicated to Vishnu in the city. The old town is the oldest part of the city. It is characterized by narrow roads and dense residential areas. This area serves as a confluence of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain heritage.

The modern city was a planned development. In 1946, a proposal was made to move the capital from Cuttack. Cuttack was the previous capital, but it faced space constraints and floods.

The foundation for the new capital was laid on 13 April 1948. German architect Otto Königsberger designed the modern city in 1946. It was one of the first planned cities in modern India, alongside Jamshedpur and Chandigarh. The design included wide roads, gardens, and parks.

The city is divided into the old town, the planned city, and added areas.

Population growth has changed the city significantly. In the 1951 census, the town had only 16,000 people. By the 1991 census, the population had reached 411,542. Today, the Bhubaneswar and Cuttack areas are known as the "twin cities of Odisha." In 2011, this combined area had a population of 1.7 million. The city is classified as a Tier-2 city. Growth has been most rapid in the north, northeast, and southwest. The city's shape is somewhat dumbbell-shaped.

The climate is a tropical savanna climate, known as Aw in the Köppen classification.

Temperatures usually range between 15°C and 45°C. Summers are hot and humid, occurring from March to May. May is the hottest month, with daily temperatures often reaching 45°C. The monsoon season brings most of the rain from June to September. The highest rainfall occurs in August. Winter is short, lasting about ten weeks from December to January. The city is located in seismic zone III, meaning it has some earthquake risk. It also faces a very high damage risk from cyclones.

Bhubaneswar is a major hub for education and business. It is home to many research and learning institutes.

These include Utkal University and the Institute of Physics.

The city also hosts the Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology. In 2014, the World Bank ranked Bhubaneswar as the best place to do business in India. It is a growing commercial center with a strong IT presence.

The city's development is managed by the Bhubaneswar Development Authority.