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Bert Williams

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Bert Williams was a pre-eminent entertainer during the vaudeville era.

Bert Williams, stage actor (SAYRE 11054)
Bert Williams, stage actor (SAYRE 11054)

He was one of the most popular comedians for all audiences of his time. Williams played a vital role in the development of African-American entertainment. He worked to push back racial barriers during a thirty-year career. This was a period defined by widespread racial inequality and stereotyping. Despite these challenges, he became a global star. In 1918, the New York Dramatic Mirror called him one of the great comedians of the world.

Williams was born in Nassau, The Bahamas, on November 12, 1874. His parents were Frederick Williams Jr. and Julia Moncur. Scholars agree his Bahamian origins are irrefutable based on birth registers. He emigrated to the United States with his parents at age two or three. The family eventually settled in New York City. By his late teens, Williams moved to California to seek work. In 1893, while working in San Francisco, he met George Walker.

Harvard Theatre Collection - Bert Williams TCS 1.1120
Harvard Theatre Collection - Bert Williams TCS 1.1120

This meeting began one of the most important partnerships in theater history.

Williams and Walker became a famous comedy duo. They performed song-and-dance numbers, skits, and humorous songs. Initially, they used standard vaudeville roles. Williams acted as a slick conniver, while Walker played a victim. They later decided to switch these roles to subvert audience expectations. Walker became a strutting dandy, while Williams played a languorous oaf.

Bert Williams blackface 2
Bert Williams blackface 2

Williams was a master of physical stage business. He could hold a facial expression for minutes. A tiny movement of his face could trigger massive laughter from the crowd.

Their performances often utilized burnt-cork blackface, which was customary in that era.

Bon Bon Buddy cover
Bon Bon Buddy cover

They billed themselves as "Two Real Coons" to distinguish their act from white minstrels. However, their performance style often undermined the very stereotypes they portrayed. They used the cakewalk to lampoon the fussy mannerisms of white people. In publicity photos, they appeared immaculately groomed and classily dressed. This created a sharp contrast with their comical stage characters. This duality allowed them to navigate a complex social landscape through irony.

In 1902, the duo achieved a landmark success with the musical *In Dahomey*.

In Dahomey 1903
In Dahomey 1903

This production featured an all-Black cast, including writing, directing, and performing. It was the first musical of this kind to be produced at a major Broadway theater. The show featured music by Will Marion Cook and lyrics by Paul Laurence Dunbar. Williams drew inspiration from a 1670 book about the history of Africa. He wanted to connect his characters to the dignity of African history.

WilliamsWalkerJohnahMan
WilliamsWalkerJohnahMan

The production moved to New York City in 1903 and became a massive hit.

Williams was also a pioneer in the recording industry. In 1901, he recorded 13 discs for the Victor Talking Machine Company. These recordings were rare, with fewer than 1,000 pressings for each. He was the best-selling Black recording artist before 1920. His song "Good Morning Carrie" became a massive hit that year. He also performed the song "When It's All Going Out and Nothing Coming In." This track was considered race-blind and became one of his most famous works. His musical talent reached audiences far beyond the live theater.

Beyond the stage, Williams lived a life of personal dedication. He married singer Charlotte "Lottie" Thompson in a private 1899 ceremony. They were a uniquely happy couple until his death in 1922. Although they had no biological children, they adopted three of Lottie's nieces. They also frequently provided homes for orphans and foster children. His career was not without hardship or danger. In 1900, a riot in New York City saw Walker attacked by a mob. Williams navigated a world of immense talent and profound social struggle. A contemporary described him as the funniest man he knew, but also the saddest.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:In Dahomey 1903.jpg
In Dahomey 1903.jpg
File:Bert Williams, stage actor (SAYRE 11054).jpg
Bert Williams, stage actor (SAYRE 11054).jpg
File:WilliamsWalkerJohnahMan.jpg
WilliamsWalkerJohnahMan.jpg
File:Bon Bon Buddy cover.jpg
Bon Bon Buddy cover.jpg
File:Harvard Theatre Collection - Bert Williams TCS 1.1120.jpg
Harvard Theatre Collection - Bert...
File:Bert Williams blackface 2.jpg
Bert Williams blackface 2.jpg
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