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Beach volleyball

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Beach volleyball is a dynamic team sport played on a rectangular sand court.

Volleyball (beach) pictogram
Volleyball (beach) pictogram

It is a variant of indoor volleyball, which was originally invented by William G. Morgan in 1895. In beach volleyball, two teams compete to send a ball over a net and ground it on the opponent's side. Each team must also work together to prevent the ball from touching their own sand. While some versions use up to four players per team, the modern two-player version is the most common. This two-person format is also the only version contested at the elite professional level.

Volleyball on the Beach (523163582)
Volleyball on the Beach (523163582)

The mechanics of a rally involve specific rules for ball contact and movement. A rally begins with a serve, which is a hit from behind the rear court boundary. The receiving team typically uses up to three touches to return the ball. Usually, the first touch is a pass, the second is a set, and the third is an attack. An attack is a strong hit sent back over the net to score. Players cannot touch the ball twice in a row unless their first touch was a block attempt. If a player blocks the ball, they are allowed two more touches to get it over.

Defensive strategies are just as important as the attack. On defense, one player typically acts as a blocker at the net. The other player acts as a defender to cover the open sand. A rally continues until the ball is grounded, goes "out," or a fault is committed. A team scores a point when the ball lands on the opponent's court or if the opponent hits it out. The team that wins the rally also earns the right to serve next. Players must serve in the same sequence throughout a match.

The history of the sport traces back to the early 20th century. It likely originated in 1915 on Waikiki Beach in Hawaii at the Outrigger Canoe Club. George "Dad" Center is credited with setting up the first net there.

Outrigger Canoe Club Beach Volleyball, 1918
Outrigger Canoe Club Beach Volleyball, 1918

Later, the sport developed in Santa Monica, California. In 1930, Paul "Pablo" Johnson created the modern two-man game. He was waiting for players for a six-man game and decided to play with only four people instead. This change proved that a shorter player's speed could neutralize a taller player's height advantage.

Early beach volleyball in hawaii
Early beach volleyball in hawaii

Beach volleyball has grown into a massive global professional industry. The sport became an Olympic event starting with the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Chaoyang Park Beach Volleyball Ground (cropped)
Chaoyang Park Beach Volleyball Ground (cropped)

The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball, or FIVB, is the international governing body. They organize the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour and the World Championships. In the 1970s, the first professional tournament, the Olympia World Championship, was held in California. Winners Greg Lee and Jim Menges became the first recognized world champions. By 1984, the Pro Beach tour had expanded to 16 events across the United States.

2017-08-04-Paul Reimer-Beach Volleyball Medals-022 (35589437453)
2017-08-04-Paul Reimer-Beach Volleyball Medals-022 (35589437453)

Professional play requires specialized equipment and strict technical standards. The court is divided by a net that stands 2.43 meters high for men and 2.24 meters for women.

Mikasa VLS300 official beach volleyball
Mikasa VLS300 official beach volleyball

An antenna is attached to each side of the net to mark the lateral boundaries. The ball must be spherical and made of water-resistant, flexible material. It has a circumference of 66 to 68 cm and weighs between 260 and 280 grams. The FIVB uses the Mikasa Beach Pro BV550C as an official ball. Rules also require "clean hands" during a set. This means both hands must contact the ball at the same time without catching or throwing it.

Today, the sport connects many different cultures and professional levels. It gained massive popularity in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during the 1980s. The FIVB organized the first international circuit, called the World Series, in 1989. This circuit included men's tournaments in Brazil, Italy, and Japan. Since 1998, beach volleyball has been included in many multi-sport events. These include the Pan American Games and the Southeast Asian Games. The sport continues to grow through annual U19 and U21 World Championships.

Beach volley at the Beijing Olympics - Final USA v. Brazil
Beach volley at the Beijing Olympics - Final USA v. Brazil
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🖼️ Images & Media (27)
File:Volleyball (beach) pictogram.svg
Volleyball (beach) pictogram.svg
File:Outrigger Canoe Club Beach Volleyball, 1918.png
Outrigger Canoe Club Beach Volleyball, 1918.png
File:Early beach volleyball in hawaii.jpg
Early beach volleyball in hawaii.jpg
File:Volleyball on the Beach (523163582).jpg
Volleyball on the Beach (523163582).jpg
File:Photograph of a volleyball game between members of President Truman's vacation party at Key West, Florida. - NARA - 199042 (cropped).jpg
Photograph of a volleyball game between...
File:Beach volleyball, Tanna, Vanuatu, 11 June 2009 (3620770466).jpg
Beach volleyball, Tanna, Vanuatu, 11 June...
File:Chaoyang Park Beach Volleyball Ground (cropped).jpg
Chaoyang Park Beach Volleyball Ground...
File:Mikasa VLS300 official beach volleyball.jpg
Mikasa VLS300 official beach volleyball.jpg
File:2017-08-04-Paul Reimer-Beach Volleyball Medals-022 (35589437453).jpg
2017-08-04-Paul Reimer-Beach Volleyball...
File:2017-07-30 Beach Volleyball Volunteers 06 (36247064866).jpg
2017-07-30 Beach Volleyball Volunteers 06...
File:2017-07-30 Beach Volleyball Male ON vs YK 04 (36247045216).jpg
2017-07-30 Beach Volleyball Male ON vs YK...
File:Nick Lucena at the AVP Austin Open 2017 (4).jpg
Nick Lucena at the AVP Austin Open 2017 (4).jpg

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