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Battle of Kursk

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The Battle of Kursk was a massive conflict during World War II. It took place near Kursk in southwestern Russia during the summer of 1943. This fight was between the forces of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. It is known as the single largest battle in the history of warfare. Many people also call it the largest tank battle ever fought. It was a very costly event for both sides. Some historians see it as a major turning point in the war in Europe.

Kursk-1943-Plan-GE
Kursk-1943-Plan-GE

The German plan was called Operation Citadel. The goal was to use a double envelopment to surround Soviet forces. They wanted to attack from the north and south at the same time. This would pinch off the Kursk salient, which is a bulge in the battle line. German leaders hoped this would weaken the Soviet Union. They also wanted to capture prisoners to use as labor. The Germans delayed the attack to wait for new weapons and more troops.

Bundesarchiv Bild 101III-Cantzler-077-39, Russland, Angehörige der Waffen-SS in einer Stellung
Bundesarchiv Bild 101III-Cantzler-077-39, Russland, Angehörige der Waffen-SS in einer Stellung

However, the Soviet Union was ready for the attack. A spy ring called Lucy gave the Soviets foreknowledge of the German plans. Because they knew the plan, the Soviets built a defense in depth. This meant they created many deep layers of defenses to wear down German tanks. They built many belts of protection and kept a large reserve force ready. This allowed them to fight back with powerful counterattacks. The Soviets were able to stop the German offensive before it could break through.

The fighting was incredibly intense and lasted through the summer. On 5 July, the German offensive began. This opening day was the costliest day in the history of aerial warfare. The Soviets launched Operation Kutuzov on 12 July to attack the German rear. On the southern side, a large armored clash happened at Prokhorovka. This was one of the most famous parts of the battle. Later, on 3 August, the Soviets began the Belgorod–Kharkov offensive.

Soviet troops and T-34 tanks counterattacking Kursk Voronezh Front July 1943
Soviet troops and T-34 tanks counterattacking Kursk Voronezh Front July 1943

In the end, the Soviet Red Army won the battle. The German forces suffered heavy losses in men and tanks. Because of these losses, the Soviet Union held the strategic initiative for the rest of the war. This was the first time a major German offensive was stopped before it could penetrate deep into enemy lines. It was also the first time the Soviets won a successful summer offensive. The battle is sometimes called the "last gasp of Nazi aggression."

Мемориал "Тепловские высоты" (cropped)
Мемориал "Тепловские высоты" (cropped)
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🖼️ Images & Media (32)
File:Kursk-1943-Plan-GE.svg
Kursk-1943-Plan-GE.svg
File:091220 guderian.jpg
091220 guderian.jpg
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-022-2925-17, Russland, motorisierte Truppen.jpg
Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-022-2925-17,...
File:Жуков и Конев.jpg
Жуков и Конев.jpg
File:Советские саперы у проволочного заграждения на Центральном фронте.jpg
Советские саперы у проволочного...
File:Kursk Soviet machineguns.JPG
Kursk Soviet machineguns.JPG
File:Grant M3A3 u Kurska červenec 1943.jpg
Grant M3A3 u Kurska červenec 1943.jpg
File:RIAN archive 225 IL-2 attacking.jpg
RIAN archive 225 IL-2 attacking.jpg
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101III-Zschaeckel-206-35, Schlacht um Kursk, Panzer VI (Tiger I).jpg
Bundesarchiv Bild...
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-219-0596-12, Russland, Panzer IV und Schützenpanzer in Fahrt.jpg
Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-219-0596-12,...
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-219-0553A-16, Russland, bei Pokrowka, Kradschützen.jpg
Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-219-0553A-16,...
File:Санинструктор Анна Соколова перевязывает раненого на Орловско-Курском направлении 2.jpg
Санинструктор Анна Соколова перевязывает...

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