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Bartholomew Roberts

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Bartholomew Roberts was a Welsh pirate during the Golden Age of Piracy.

Bart Roberts
Bart Roberts

He was born John Roberts in 1682 in Casnewydd Bach, Wales. While he likely went to sea as a teenager, he did not become a famous pirate until much later. Roberts is considered the most successful pirate of his era based on the number of vessels he captured. Throughout his career, he took over more than 400 prize ships. Although many of these were small fishing boats, his impact on maritime trade was massive. His fame led to many nicknames, including "The Great Pyrate." Later, he became known as "Black Bart," a name inspired by his complexion.

General History of the Pyrates - Captain Bartholomew Roberts with two Ships
General History of the Pyrates - Captain Bartholomew Roberts with two Ships

Roberts' journey into piracy began in 1719 near the Gold Coast of West Africa. At the time, he was serving as a second mate on a slave ship named the Princess. Pirates led by Captain Howell Davis captured the Princess and forced Roberts to join them. Davis noticed that Roberts was a highly skilled navigator. This skill made Roberts a valuable member of the pirate crew. After Davis was killed in an ambush on the island of Príncipe, the pirates needed a new leader. The crew was divided into two groups called "Lords" and "Commons." The Lords had the authority to propose a candidate for the captaincy. Within six weeks of his capture, Roberts was elected captain by the crew.

HowelDav
HowelDav

As a leader, Roberts relied on a structured system to manage his men. He created a specific pirate code, which was a set of rules for the crew. The men swore on a Bible to uphold these articles. This code helped maintain order among the different sailors. Roberts also used an early version of the skull and crossbones flag to identify his ships. His leadership style was characterized by being outspoken and opinionated. His crew remained loyal because he was brave and successful in his raids. They even described him as "pistol proof," believing he was protected from harm. This loyalty allowed him to command large fleets of captured vessels.

Roberts' raids took him across the Atlantic Ocean to many different regions. Between 1719 and 1722, he operated off the Americas and the West African coast. In July 1719, he encountered a fleet of 42 Portuguese ships near the coast of Brazil. Roberts captured a large ship called the Sagrada Familia, which had 40 guns and 170 crew members. This single capture provided a massive amount of wealth. The ship contained 40,000 gold moidores and expensive jewelry intended for the King of Portugal.

Bart Roberts, Trying Deserters, from the Pirates of the Spanish Main series (N19) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes MET DP835008
Bart Roberts, Trying Deserters, from the Pirates of the Spanish Main series (N19) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes MET DP835008

This event proved how much profit could be made through piracy.

In 1720, Roberts moved his operations toward the North Atlantic. He raided locations such as Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Cape Breton. In the harbour of Trepassey, he found 22 merchant ships and 150 fishing vessels. The captains and crews of these ships fled in panic, leaving the ships behind. Roberts took control of the 22 merchant ships but expressed anger at the captains for fleeing. He eventually replaced his original sloop with a larger brig from Bristol. This new ship was fitted with 16 guns. Later, he captured a French ship and added 26 cannons to it. He renamed this powerful vessel the Good Fortune, and later the Royal Fortune.

BartRobCrew
BartRobCrew

By the spring of 1721, Roberts' actions had caused serious problems for global commerce. His raids in the West Indies almost brought seaborne trade to a complete standstill. To continue his success, he sailed toward West Africa. He arrived near the Senegal River and captured several more ships. One notable capture was the frigate Onslow, which was carrying soldiers. Some of these soldiers even chose to join the pirates. However, because they were not professional sailors, they only received one-quarter of the usual pirate pay. This shows how the pirate hierarchy functioned based on specific roles and skills.

Bartholomew Roberts left a lasting mark on history and popular culture. His life has inspired many fictional characters, such as the "Dread Pirate Roberts." He remains a significant figure for historians studying maritime law and the Golden Age of Piracy. His ability to command hundreds of ships and thousands of men through a strict code is still studied today. Even though his career was relatively short, his impact on the oceans was immense. He transitioned from a simple merchant sailor to one of the most powerful figures on the high seas. His story connects the worlds of trade, law, and the adventurous life of the 18th-century ocean.

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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Bart Roberts.jpg
Bart Roberts.jpg
File:HowelDav.jpg
HowelDav.jpg
File:General History of the Pyrates - Captain Bartholomew Roberts with two Ships.jpg
General History of the Pyrates - Captain...
File:BartRobCrew.jpg
BartRobCrew.jpg
File:Bart Roberts, Trying Deserters, from the Pirates of the Spanish Main series (N19) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes MET DP835008.jpg
Bart Roberts, Trying Deserters, from the...
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