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Barry Unsworth

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Barry Unsworth was a distinguished English novelist recognized for his mastery of historical fiction. He was born on August 10, 1930, in the mining village of Wingate, County Durham. His family background was rooted in the coal mining industry. His father had begun working in the mines at age 12. However, his father eventually moved into the insurance business after traveling to the United States. This change helped lift the family into a different economic class. Unsworth noted that this shift broke the long chain of continuity common in mining villages.

Unsworth's life was defined by academic study and international travel. He graduated from the University of Manchester in 1951. He later taught English in France and lectured at the University of Athens and the University of Istanbul. These experiences in Greece and Turkey during the 1960s heavily influenced his later writing. He eventually lived in Perugia, Italy, which inspired his novel After Hannibal. Throughout his career, he held prestigious teaching positions. These included roles at the University of Iowa's Iowa Writers' Workshop and Kenyon College in Ohio.

His literary career spanned several decades and many different styles. He published his first novel, The Partnership, in 1966 at the age of 36. His early works, such as Mooncranker's Gift, featured a dense and baroque prose style. He cited American novelists like Eudora Welty, William Faulkner, and Carson McCullers as major influences. Mooncranker's Gift won the Heinemann Award in 1973. As he matured, his writing became more precise and sparing. He moved away from linguistic flourishes to focus on the warmth and color of language.

A major turning point occurred when he transitioned to historical fiction. This shift began with his sixth novel, Pascali's Island, published in 1980. The book was set on an Aegean island during the final years of the Ottoman Empire. Unsworth explained that living as an expatriate made him lose interest in contemporary British society. He found that writing about the past allowed him to avoid the clutter of modern life. He used remote historical periods as a "distant mirror" to examine the human condition. This method allowed him to explore themes that are timeless and transcend specific eras.

Unsworth achieved significant critical success through several major works. He was shortlisted for the Booker Prize three times during his career. His most celebrated achievement was winning the Booker Prize in 1992 for Sacred Hunger. This novel was a joint winner with Michael Ondaatje's The English Patient. Sacred Hunger is set in the mid-18th century and focuses on the Atlantic slave trade. It follows two cousins, Erasmus Kemp and Matthew Paris, through the triangular trade routes. The novel uses the theme of greed to explore how the desire for profit can lead to barbarism.

His ability to blend complex themes with engaging narratives led to further recognition. Morality Play, published in 1995, was another Booker Prize shortlist selection. This novel is a murder mystery set in 14th-century England involving a traveling troupe of players. Unsworth's work often moved between intense subject matter and lighter moments. For example, Sacred Hunger interweaves scenes of horror with comedic interludes. He also wrote Sugar and Rum in 1988 to help him overcome writer's block. This book is set in contemporary Liverpool and involves a writer researching the slave trade.

Unsworth's legacy is defined by his defense of the historical fiction genre. While some critics viewed the genre as less literary, he argued that historical stories should be judged by the same standards as any other fiction. He believed a novel should touch the mind and heart of the reader. He passed away in Perugia in 2012 at the age of 81 due to lung cancer. Notably, he died on the same day as the science fiction writer Ray Bradbury. While Bradbury focused on inventing the future, Unsworth was celebrated for inventing the past.

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