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Azad Kashmir

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Azad Jammu and Kashmir, often called AJK or Azad Kashmir, is a region in the western part of the larger Kashmir area.

Azad Kashmir Map
Azad Kashmir Map

It is administered by Pakistan as a nominally self-governing entity. The region sits in a complex geopolitical position. To its east, the Line of Control serves as the de facto border. This line separates AJK from the territory administered by India. To the north, AJK borders the Pakistani-administered Gilgit-Baltistan. The southern and western borders touch the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Jammu and Kashmir in 1946 map of India by National Geographic
Jammu and Kashmir in 1946 map of India by National Geographic

The geography of the region is defined by high mountains and tectonic activity. The northern part of AJK encompasses the lower areas of the Himalayas. Within these mountains, Sarwali Peak in the Neelum Valley reaches a height of 6,326 meters. This makes it the highest peak in the state.

Sharda Kashmir
Sharda Kashmir

The northern region is also prone to strong vibrations of the earth. This happens because the Indian plate is underthrusting the Eurasian plate. Such geological movement caused a major earthquake in 2005. That disaster killed at least 100,000 people and displaced three million others. Since then, reconstruction of the economy and infrastructure has continued with foreign aid.

Azad Kashmir Landscape
Azad Kashmir Landscape

The political structure of AJK is modeled after the British Westminster system. It uses a parliamentary form of government. The city of Muzaffarabad serves as the capital of the region.

Pakistan is full of breathtaking views - Muzafarabad
Pakistan is full of breathtaking views - Muzafarabad

The President acts as the constitutional head of state. The Prime Minister serves as the chief executive and is supported by a Council of Ministers. A unicameral body called the Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly elects both the President and the Prime Minister. The region also maintains its own judicial system, including a High Court and a Supreme Court. The Government of Pakistan manages the link through its Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and Gilgit-Baltistan.

The history of the region is tied to the Partition of India in 1947. At that time, the British ended their rule over the princely states. The Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, Hari Singh, wanted his state to remain independent. However, many Muslims in the western districts wanted to join Pakistan.

Kotla bagh Azad Kashmir
Kotla bagh Azad Kashmir

An uprising began in the Poonch area during the spring of 1947. This revolt was fueled by punitive taxes on the peasantry. Following the rebellion, pro-Pakistan leaders proclaimed a provisional government in Rawalpindi on October 3, 1947. A second provisional government was later established at Palandri under Sardar Ibrahim Khan on October 24.

UPDATED BAGH AJK, PAKISTAN ASIA
UPDATED BAGH AJK, PAKISTAN ASIA

Conflict between India and Pakistan eventually stabilized the borders. In 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh signed an Instrument of Accession to India to receive military aid. This led to fighting between the Indian and Pakistani armies. The 1949 cease-fire line was later designated as the Line of Control in 1972. This line has remained unchanged since the Simla Agreement. The agreement bound both countries to settle differences through bilateral negotiations. This means they should resolve issues through direct talks without third parties.

Star and Crescent
Star and Crescent

Social and economic life in AJK is quite distinct. According to the 2017 census, the total population is over 4.045 million people. The economy relies on services, tourism, and agriculture.

Rice Cultivaiton in Leepa AJK
Rice Cultivaiton in Leepa AJK

Farming is very common, as nearly 87% of households own farm property.

Mirpur City - Azad Kashmir
Mirpur City - Azad Kashmir

Remittances from the British Mirpuri community also support the economy. The region shows strong social indicators as well. AJK has the highest rate of school enrollment in Pakistan. Its literacy rate is approximately 74%.

Governance has changed through various constitutional acts over the decades. In 1970, a military administration provided the region with a presidential system and considerable autonomy. This was followed by the 1974 Interim Constitution Act, which allowed for a directly elected Legislative Assembly.

Mirpur University of Science and Technology (mechanical department)
Mirpur University of Science and Technology (mechanical department)

Later, the 13th Amendment to the AJK Constitution empowered the local government further. This amendment increased the powers of the elected assembly and granted greater financial and administrative control. These shifts show the ongoing effort to manage local needs within a complex political framework.

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🖼️ Images & Media (21)
File:Jammu and Kashmir in 1946 map of India by National Geographic.jpg
Jammu and Kashmir in 1946 map of India by...
File:Azad Kashmir Landscape.JPG
Azad Kashmir Landscape.JPG
File:World Köppen Classification Kashmir.png
World Köppen Classification Kashmir.png
File:Rice Cultivaiton in Leepa AJK.jpg
Rice Cultivaiton in Leepa AJK.jpg
File:Pakistan is full of breathtaking views - Muzafarabad.JPG
Pakistan is full of breathtaking views -...
File:UPDATED BAGH AJK, PAKISTAN ASIA.jpg
UPDATED BAGH AJK, PAKISTAN ASIA.jpg
File:Mirpur City - Azad Kashmir.jpg
Mirpur City - Azad Kashmir.jpg
File:Kotli Azad Kashmir.jpg
Kotli Azad Kashmir.jpg
File:Azad Kashmir Map.svg
Azad Kashmir Map.svg
File:Kotla bagh Azad Kashmir.jpg
Kotla bagh Azad Kashmir.jpg
File:Star and Crescent.svg
Star and Crescent.svg
File:Om.svg
Om.svg

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