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Aragonese language

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{

"text": "Aragonese is a Romance language spoken primarily in the Pyrenees valleys of Aragon, Spain.

Linguistic map Southwestern Europe-en
Linguistic map Southwestern Europe-en

It is a unique linguistic survivor from the medieval Navarro-Aragonese period. Unlike many other regional languages, it has remained distinct from Spanish throughout its history. Today, it serves as a vital cultural marker for its speakers. The language is spoken by about 12,000 active speakers, according to 2017 estimates. However, some polls suggest the total number of speakers may reach 25,500.

Grupos de parlas de l'aragonés
Grupos de parlas de l'aragonés

Native speakers often identify with specific local dialects rather than a single broad term.\n\nThe language is organized into several distinct dialectal groups. These groups are defined by the specific valleys and regions where they are spoken. The Western dialect includes areas like Ansó and the Valle de Hecho. The Central dialect covers regions such as Sobrarbe and Bielsa. The Eastern dialect is found in places like Graus and Estadilla. Finally, the Southern dialect is spoken in areas like Ayerbe and Almudévar.

Grupos de parlas de l'aragonés
Grupos de parlas de l'aragonés

These variations mean that a speaker from the Benasque Valley may sound different from someone in the Ribagorza region.\n\nPhonologically, Aragonese maintains several conservative features from Latin. It often preserves initial \"f-\" sounds, such as in the word for \"son.\" It also keeps Romance groups like \"cl-\", \"fl-\", and \"pl-\" intact. For example, the Latin word \"clavis\" becomes \"clau\" in Aragonese, whereas Spanish uses \"llave.\" Some transitional dialects, like Ribagorzano, may shift these sounds to \"cll-\" or \"fll-\." The language also features specific vowel patterns. In the Benasque dialect, mid vowels can be as open as \"e\" and \"o.\" These phonetic traits link Aragonese to other Occitano-Romance languages like Catalan.\n\nThe history of Aragonese is tied to the expansion of the Kingdom of Aragon.

Linguistic map Southwestern Europe-en
Linguistic map Southwestern Europe-en

During the High Middle Ages, the kingdom grew southward during the Reconquista. This expansion spread the language from the Pyrenees into the Ebro basin. One notable figure was Johan Ferrandez d'Heredia, the Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller. In the late 14th century, he translated Greek works into Aragonese. This was a major achievement, marking the first such translation in medieval Europe. He also created an extensive catalog of works written in the language.\n\nDespite this rich history, the language faced significant pressure from the spread of Castilian. The rise of the Trastámara dynasty and the similarity between the two languages helped Spanish expand. A major turning point occurred in the 15th century with the coronation of Ferdinand I. Later, the political landscape changed drastically following the War of the Spanish Succession. In 1707, the Nueva Planta decrees were issued by Philip V. These decrees prohibited the use of Aragonese in schools. They established Castilian as the only official language in the region.\n\nFor many years, Aragonese was marginalized and viewed merely as rural Spanish dialects. Compulsory education often undermined its status, and students were even punished for using it. However, the Spanish transition to democracy in 1978 brought a period of renewal. This era encouraged new literary works and academic studies of the language. In 2009, the Languages Act of Aragon officially recognized it as a native and historic language.

Ibero orientales aragonés
Ibero orientales aragonés

This legislation granted linguistic rights, including the ability to use the language in public administration.\n\nWriting Aragonese involves navigating different orthographic standards. Before 2023, three main systems were used by writers. The Uesca system, codified in 1987, uses letters similar to Spanish. The SLA system, devised in 2004, uses etymological forms closer to Catalan and Occitan. A third standard was established in 2010 by the Academia de l'Aragonés to modernize medieval spelling. These systems differ in how they represent sounds like \"j\" or \"z.\" Choosing a system often depends on whether a writer prefers Spanish-style spelling or historical etymology.

Evolución cheografica de l'aragonés
Evolución cheografica de l'aragonés

These diverse ways of writing help preserve the complex identity of the language.",

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File:Ibero orientales aragonés.PNG
Ibero orientales aragonés.PNG
File:Evolución cheografica de l'aragonés.svg
Evolución cheografica de l'aragonés.svg
File:Grupos de parlas de l'aragonés.svg
Grupos de parlas de l'aragonés.svg
File:Linguistic map Southwestern Europe-en.gif
Linguistic map Southwestern Europe-en.gif
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