Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🗺️

Aquitaine

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Aquitaine is a historical region located in the southwestern corner of metropolitan France.

Sainte-Eulalie-d'Ans causse Cubjac (3)
Sainte-Eulalie-d'Ans causse Cubjac (3)

It sits along the Atlantic Ocean and borders the Pyrenees mountain range. These mountains form a natural boundary with Spain to the south.

Béost depuis Laruns
Béost depuis Laruns

Since January 1, 2016, it has been part of the larger administrative region called Nouvelle-Aquitaine. The area is organized into five specific departments. These are Dordogne, Lot-et-Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Landes, and Gironde.

The region's identity is deeply tied to its ancient inhabitants. Before Roman rule, the Aquitani lived in this territory. They were not considered Celtic people. Instead, they were more similar to the Iberians. Historians believe they spoke an early form of the Basque language. This language, often called Proto-Basque, is very significant today. Basque is the last surviving non-Indo-European language in western Europe. It has influenced neighboring languages like Spanish and French. The name "Aquitaine" itself may come from the Latin word "aqua," meaning water.

ButteParcChateauPau
ButteParcChateauPau

Some believe it refers to specific towns like Aquae Augustae or Aquae Tarbellicae.

The Roman Empire shaped the area through organized provinces. Under Augustus, the province of Aquitania expanded north to the river Loire. In 392, the Romans restructured these lands into three distinct provinces. These were Aquitania Prima in the northeast and Aquitania Secunda in the center. The third province, Aquitania Tertia, was also known as Novempopulania in the southwest. This division helped the Romans manage the different tribes and territories within the region.

During the Early Middle Ages, Aquitaine experienced significant political unrest. The Visigoths initially ruled parts of the southwest as central Roman power collapsed. However, they were defeated by the Franks at the Battle of Vouillé in 507. This defeat pushed the Visigoths south into Hispania. Following this, the Franks became the new rulers of the area north of the Loire. The region remained a mix of Gallo-Roman and Basque cultures. Even as Frankish nobles settled in places like Toulouse, the local ethnic makeup remained distinct.

Power struggles continued under the Carolingian Empire. In 781, Charlemagne made his son Louis the King of Aquitaine. This realm included both the Duchy of Aquitaine and the Duchy of Vasconia. The region saw many uprisings, particularly from Basque groups seeking self-rule. In the 9th century, a conflict arose between Charles the Bald and Pepin II. This struggle for control led to constant warfare between loyalists and local lords. Eventually, the Treaty of Verdun in 843 changed the political landscape again.

A major turning point occurred in the 12th century due to royal marriages. In 1137, the region passed to France when Eleanor of Aquitaine married Louis VII.

Louis vii and alienor
Louis vii and alienor

Their marriage was annulled in 1152. When Eleanor married Henry II of England in 1154, Aquitaine became an English possession. It was a key part of the Angevin Empire. The English held the territory until 1453, marking the end of the Hundred Years' War. This long period of English rule strengthened ties between the two nations.

Trade flourished during the centuries of English control. Southwestern France produced large quantities of wine for export. These goods were sent to English ports like London and Southampton. The profits from this wine trade were massive. By the start of the Hundred Years' War, these profits were the main source of annual income for the English King.

Bordeaux Pont de Pierre
Bordeaux Pont de Pierre

Bordeaux became a vital port and administrative center during this time. It remains the largest city in the region today.

Today, Aquitaine is a vibrant part of France with 3,150,890 inhabitants. This represents about 6% of the total French population. It is the sixth most populated region in the country. While French is the official language, many residents speak Occitan or Basque. In the far south, Basque speakers are more concentrated. For example, in Lower Navarre and Soule, 76% of the population are Basque speakers. The region is also known for its passion for sports, including football, rugby, and basketball.

655 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Sainte-Eulalie-d'Ans causse Cubjac (3).JPG
Sainte-Eulalie-d'Ans causse Cubjac (3).JPG
File:North and south of the Pyrenees (Year 760).svg
North and south of the Pyrenees (Year 760).svg
File:Béost depuis Laruns.jpg
Béost depuis Laruns.jpg
File:Louis vii and alienor.jpg
Louis vii and alienor.jpg
File:ButteParcChateauPau.JPG
ButteParcChateauPau.JPG
File:Bordeaux_Pont_de_Pierre.jpg
Bordeaux_Pont_de_Pierre.jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.