Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🎨

Appalachian Spring

arts Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Appalachian Spring is a celebrated American ballet that combines modern dance with orchestral music. It was a collaborative masterpiece created by choreographer Martha Graham and composer Aaron Copland. The work serves as a vital expression of American identity and culture. It was commissioned by the music patron Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge. The ballet premiered in 1944 to great acclaim. This success led to Copland winning the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1945. Today, the ballet remains a core part of the Martha Graham Dance Company repertoire.

The creation of the ballet involved a complex, shifting process of writing and revision. Graham and Copland did not work side-by-side during the composition. Copland lived on the West Coast while Graham worked on the East Coast. Because they were separated, Copland relied on several different scripts sent by Graham. These scripts included the original "House of Victory" and two later revisions. The characters and plot changed significantly during these stages. For example, characters like the Mother and Daughter were eventually renamed the Pioneer Woman and the Bride. The final production also added four Followers to accompany the Revivalist character.

The ballet is set in a small Appalachian settlement in 19th-century Pennsylvania. The narrative follows the Bride and the Husbandman during their wedding celebrations. While much of the story focuses on community and new beginnings, it also touches on darker themes. The presence of war creates a sense of anxiety and worry for the townspeople. This connection to historical struggle is often linked to the American Civil War.

Battle of Franklin, November 30, 1864
Battle of Franklin, November 30, 1864

The story moves through various episodes that depict different aspects of pioneer life.

The original ballet was structured into eight distinct episodes. The Prologue introduces the Pioneer Woman observing her land. This is followed by Eden Valley, which features a courtship duet. The Wedding Day is divided into two parts, including a celebration called a charivari. An Interlude shows the community engaged in spring planting. The tension rises during the Fear in the Night and Day of Wrath episodes. These sections use music and movement to suggest the tragedies and violence of war. Finally, the Lord's Day depicts a community revival meeting.

Set of Appalachian Spring
Set of Appalachian Spring

Aaron Copland used a specific musical style known as Americana for this work. He wanted the music to be accessible and relatable to the general public. This style is characterized by being plain, singing, and somewhat folksy. Copland incorporated a theme and variations based on the Shaker tune "Simple Gifts." This choice added a sense of historical and cultural authenticity to the score. Originally, the music was written for a thirteen-piece chamber orchestra. Copland later arranged it into various orchestral suites, which are the versions most commonly heard today.

The visual world of the ballet is defined by the work of sculptor Isamu Noguchi. Rather than building a realistic house, Noguchi created a symbolic set. He used an outline of a house to represent the "bone structure" of a home. The set included minimalist pieces like a rocking chair, a small fence, and a tree stump. The stump served as a pulpit for the Revivalist character.

Set of Appalachian Spring
Set of Appalachian Spring

Edythe Gilfond designed the costumes, while Jean Rosenthal handled the lighting. This minimalist approach allowed the audience to focus on the dancers' movements.

Appalachian Spring connects deeply to the broader history of American art and social identity. Martha Graham used her unique "Graham technique" to explore American folklore and history. Her work often reflected her own roots in small-town Pennsylvania. Similarly, Copland’s move toward a populist musical style reflected a desire to address the concerns of ordinary people. This happened during a time when his earlier, more dissonant music had less public appeal. The ballet stands as a significant intersection of dance, music, and historical storytelling.

624 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (2)
File:Set of Appalachian Spring.jpg
Set of Appalachian Spring.jpg
File:Battle of Franklin, November 30, 1864.jpg
Battle of Franklin, November 30, 1864.jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.