Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🚀

Antlia

space Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Antlia is a constellation located in the Southern Celestial Hemisphere. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek word for "pump."

Constellation Antlia
Constellation Antlia

It represents an air pump, a device used to move air or gas. This constellation is quite faint and covers 238.9 square degrees of the sky. This area accounts for 0.579% of the entire sky. Because of its position, the whole constellation is visible to anyone located south of 49 degrees north latitude. It sits near the stars that form the sails of the constellation Vela.

Antlia bode
Antlia bode

The constellation was established by the French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille. In the 18th century, Lacaille spent two years at the Cape of Good Hope. During this time, he observed and catalogued nearly 10,000 southern stars. He created fourteen new constellations to fill uncharted regions of the southern sky. He named most of them after scientific instruments to honor the Age of Enlightenment. Lacaille originally called this constellation "la Machine Pneumatique." This name commemorated the air pump invented by the physicist Denis Papin.

Antlia bode
Antlia bode

Different astronomers imagined the shape of the pump in different ways. Lacaille originally depicted it as a single-cylinder vacuum pump. This was based on the early experiments performed by Papin. Later, the German astronomer Johann Bode drew it as a more advanced double-cylinder version. In 1763, Lacaille wrote the name in Latin as "Antlia pneumatica." Later, in 1844, the English astronomer John Herschel suggested shortening the name to just "Antlia." The international community eventually accepted this shorter name. The International Astronomical Union officially recognized it as one of the 88 modern constellations in 1922.

Antlia contains many interesting types of stars. Alpha Antliae is an orange giant star located about 320 light-years away. It is a suspected variable star, meaning its brightness changes. It is likely an aging star that is becoming a Mira variable star. Epsilon Antliae is another evolved orange giant star. It is about 590 light-years from Earth and has a diameter 69 times larger than the Sun.

Constellation Antlia
Constellation Antlia

The system known as S Antliae is an eclipsing binary star system. In this system, one star passes in front of the other. This causes the brightness to change over a period of 15.6 hours. These two stars share a common envelope of material. Because they are so close, they will eventually merge into one single star.

Beyond individual stars, Antlia holds deep-space objects like galaxies. NGC 2997 is a large, spiral galaxy found within the constellation.

NGC 2997 ESO
NGC 2997 ESO

It is a face-on spiral galaxy that features bright clusters of young stars and dark dust lanes. The Antlia Dwarf Galaxy is another member of our Local Group of galaxies. There is also a very low surface brightness galaxy called Antlia 2. This is a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way.

ESO 376-16
ESO 376-16

Furthermore, the Antlia Cluster, also called Abell S0636, is a massive group of galaxies. It is the third nearest cluster to our Local Group. This cluster contains approximately 234 galaxies in total.

Some objects in Antlia are quite unusual or rare. The star HR 4049 is a hot, aging variable star. It is undergoing an intense loss of mass. This type of variable does not belong to any other known class. Another star, UX Antliae, is a supergiant that has almost no hydrogen. The constellation also contains the huge Antlia Supernova Remnant. This is one of the largest supernova remnants visible in the sky. Even small objects like brown dwarfs, such as DEN 1048-3956, can be found here. These are very faint and require special tools to see.

Antlia is also connected to the history of how we map the sky. Before Lacaille, many of these stars were part of a massive constellation called Argo Navis. This was the ship used by the Argonauts in Greek mythology. Because Argo Navis was so large, Lacaille split it into smaller parts. He turned parts of it into the constellations Vela, Pyxis, and Antlia. In Chinese astronomy, these stars were part of different groups. Some stars were part of "Dong'ou," representing southern China. Others were part of a celestial temple. This shows how different cultures have looked at the same stars for a long time.

703 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Antlia bode.JPG
Antlia bode.JPG
File:Constellation Antlia.jpg
Constellation Antlia.jpg
File:NGC 2997 ESO.jpg
NGC 2997 ESO.jpg
File:ESO 376-16.jpg
ESO 376-16.jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.