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Andaman Islands

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The Andaman Islands are a large archipelago located in the northeastern Indian Ocean.

Andaman
Andaman

This group consists of approximately 200 islands. They sit southwest of the Ayeyarwady Region of Myanmar. The islands serve as a maritime boundary between two major bodies of water. To the west lies the Bay of Bengal. To the east lies the Andaman Sea.

Andaman nicobar 76
Andaman nicobar 76

Most of these islands belong to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which is a Union Territory of India. However, some islands belong to other nations. For example, the Coco Islands and Preparis Island are part of the Yangon Region of Myanmar.

The islands are home to the Andamanese people. This is a group of indigenous tribes. These include the Jarawa and the Sentinelese.

Andaman
Andaman

Some islands are open to visitors with special permits. However, others are strictly off-limits by law. North Sentinel Island is one such place. The Sentinelese people are generally hostile to outsiders. They have had very little contact with other human groups. The Indian Government and Coast Guard prohibit anyone from approaching the island. This rule exists to protect the natives' right to privacy.

Human history on these islands goes back a very long time. Archaeological evidence shows habitation dating to the 1st millennium BC. Genetic studies suggest the islands were settled over 26,000 years ago. This likely happened during the end of the Last Glacial Period. During that time, sea levels were much lower. Lower sea levels reduced the distance between the islands and the Asian mainland. The indigenous Andamanese are a genetically distinct group. They are highly divergent from other Asian populations.

Distribution of different Andamanese peoples, languages, and dialects at the time of British contact compared to the present day
Distribution of different Andamanese peoples, languages, and dialects at the time of British contact compared to the present day

Linguistic groups likely diverged about 16,000 years ago.

Many different powers have controlled the islands throughout history. In 1050 CE, the Chola Empire took control of the islands.

The von Eickstedts in the Andamans 1926
The von Eickstedts in the Andamans 1926

They used the islands as a strategic naval base. This helped them launch expeditions against the Sriwijaya Empire. The Cholas called the islands Ma-Nakkavaram. This name means "great open or naked land." Later, the British established a penal colony on Chatham Island in 1789. This settlement eventually became Port Blair. It was named after Archibald Blair, a lieutenant in the Bombay Marine.

Aberdeen Bazar, Port Blair
Aberdeen Bazar, Port Blair

The British used the islands primarily as a place for political prisoners. Construction of a major settlement began in November 1857. This followed the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The British used inmate labor to build the new Port Blair. One famous site was the Cellular Jail, which was completed in 1910.

Port Blair 1872 Ross Island Penal HQ
Port Blair 1872 Ross Island Penal HQ

This jail contained 698 cells designed for solitary confinement. Each cell had a single ventilation window above the floor. Indian prisoners called the islands "Kala Pani," or "black water." This term refers to a Hindu proscription against traveling across the open sea. Many prisoners died due to harsh treatment and strenuous working conditions.

During World War II, the islands experienced Japanese occupation. The islands were nominally placed under the authority of the Provisional Government of Free India. This government was headed by Subhas Chandra Bose.

Andaman ross is
Andaman ross is

Bose visited the islands during the war. He renamed them Shaheed and Swaraj to honor martyrs and self-rule. On December 30, 1943, Bose raised the flag of Indian independence. After the war ended, the British planned to close the penal settlement. They hoped to use the islands for timber and agriculture.

Timber
Timber

In 1947, India gained independence, and the penal colony closed. By 1950, most of the islands became part of the Republic of India.

In modern times, the islands have become a destination for nature and sport. In 1998, a surfing project brought international attention to the area.

Havelock Island, Mangrove trees in tropical sea, Andaman Islands
Havelock Island, Mangrove trees in tropical sea, Andaman Islands

Surfers visited Little Andaman to ride the waves at places like Kumari Point. The islands are also known for their beautiful coral reefs.

The Coral Reef at the Andaman Islands
The Coral Reef at the Andaman Islands

They also contain thick tropical forests.

Shaheed Island, Andamans, Tropical forest
Shaheed Island, Andamans, Tropical forest

However, the region is also subject to natural disasters. In 2004, a massive earthquake caused a devastating tsunami. The earthquake lasted between 500 and 600 seconds. Local oral traditions helped many people survive by teaching them to move inland quickly.

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🖼️ Images & Media (15)
File:Andaman nicobar 76.jpg
Andaman nicobar 76.jpg
File:Distribution of different Andamanese peoples, languages, and dialects at the time of British contact compared to the present day.png
Distribution of different Andamanese...
File:The Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal were said to be inhabited by wolf-headed people.jpg
The Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal...
File:Port Blair 1872 Ross Island Penal HQ.jpg
Port Blair 1872 Ross Island Penal HQ.jpg
File:Great Andamanese women - 1876.jpg
Great Andamanese women - 1876.jpg
File:Andaman ross is.jpg
Andaman ross is.jpg
File:Andaman.jpg
Andaman.jpg
File:Shaheed Island, Andamans, Tropical forest.jpg
Shaheed Island, Andamans, Tropical forest.jpg
File:Havelock Island, Mangrove trees in tropical sea, Andaman Islands.jpg
Havelock Island, Mangrove trees in...
File:Timber.JPG
Timber.JPG
File:The Coral Reef at the Andaman Islands.jpg
The Coral Reef at the Andaman Islands.jpg
File:The von Eickstedts in the Andamans 1926.jpg
The von Eickstedts in the Andamans 1926.jpg

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