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Nicobar Islands

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The Nicobar Islands are an archipelagic island chain located in the eastern Indian Ocean.

Natives of Nicobar Islands
Natives of Nicobar Islands

This group of islands sits within Southeast Asia. They are positioned 150 kilometres northwest of Aceh on Sumatra. To the east, the Andaman Sea separates them from Thailand. The islands are 1,300 kilometres southeast of the Indian subcontinent. They sit across the Bay of Bengal. Currently, the islands are part of India. They function as the Nicobar district within the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Nicobar Islands
Nicobar Islands

The islands act as a maritime boundary between two large bodies of water. To the west lies the Bay of Bengal. To the east lies the Andaman Sea. Geologically, the islands are part of a great island arc. This arc was created by the collision of the Indo-Australian Plate with Eurasia. This massive tectonic movement lifted the Himalayas and most Indonesian islands. It also created the Arakan Yoma range in Burma. The Nicobar Islands are a key part of this long chain of highlands and islands.

Nicobar Islands
Nicobar Islands

The archipelago is organized into three distinct geographic groups. The Northern Group includes Car Nicobar and Battimalv. The Central Group is much larger and contains several islands. These include Chowra, Teressa, Bompuka, Katchal, Kamorta, Trinket, Nancowry, Tillangchong, and Laouk. The Southern Group is known as Sambelong in the Southern Nicobarese language. This group contains the largest island, Great Nicobar. Other islands in this group include Kondul, Kabra, Little Nicobar, Pulo Milo, Menchal, Treis, Trak, Meroe, Pigeon, and Megapod.

Natives of Nicobar Islands
Natives of Nicobar Islands

History shows that many different cultures have interacted with these islands. Ancient Buddhist chronicles from Sri Lanka mention the islands. The name "Nicobar" likely comes from the Chola dynasty name, Nakkavaram. This name may refer to naked land or a naked man's land. In the 15th century, the explorer Zheng He recorded Great Nicobar as "Cui Lan island."

Natives of Nicobar Islands
Natives of Nicobar Islands

Indigenous people have inhabited the islands for several thousands of years. The Nicobarese speak six different languages from the Austroasiatic family. This family includes the Mon, Khmer, and Vietnamese languages. The Shompen tribe lives at the southern tip of Great Nicobar. They may be of Mesolithic Southeast Asian origin.

European interest in the islands began in the mid-1700s. The Danish East India Company attempted to settle the islands. They called them Frederiksøerne. However, many missionaries died from diseases like malaria. Because of these outbreaks, the islands were abandoned several times. Italy even tried to buy the islands from Denmark in 1864. This negotiation failed when the Italian Minister's office ended unexpectedly. Eventually, Denmark sold the rights to the United Kingdom in 1868.

Flag of Denmark
Flag of Denmark

The islands became part of British India in 1869.

During the Second World War, Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. After Japan surrendered, the British regained control. The islands officially became part of India in 1950.

The environment of the Nicobar Islands is a vital terrestrial ecoregion. The islands feature Nicobar Islands rainforests that host many endemic species. This means many species live there and nowhere else. The vegetation includes coastal mangrove forests. The interior contains evergreen and deciduous tropical forests. Some islands have inland grasslands caused by human intervention. In 2013, UNESCO added Great Nicobar to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.

Caloenas nicobarica1
Caloenas nicobarica1

The reserve covers 103,870 hectares. It includes the Campbell Bay and Galathea National Parks. The reserve is divided into a core area, a buffer area, and a transitional area.

Nature can also be powerful and destructive in this region. On 26 December 2004, a massive earthquake caused a tsunami. The waves were between 10 and 15 metres high. This event was devastating for the islands. At least 6,000 people died across the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Katchal Island alone reported 4,600 deaths. The earthquake physically changed the landscape. Some islands were broken into two or three pieces. Teressa Island split in two, and Trinkat Island split into three. Some islands moved as much as 30 metres.

Natives of Nicobar Islands
Natives of Nicobar Islands

At Indira Point, the land subsided by 4.25 metres. This point is the southernmost part of India.

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File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg
Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg
File:Royal coat of arms of Denmark (1903–1948).svg
Royal coat of arms of Denmark (1903–1948).svg
File:Flag of Greenland.svg
Flag of Greenland.svg
File:Flag of Denmark.svg
Flag of Denmark.svg
File:Caloenas nicobarica1.jpg
Caloenas nicobarica1.jpg
File:Natives of Nicobar Islands.jpg
Natives of Nicobar Islands.jpg
File:Nicobar Islands.PNG
Nicobar Islands.PNG
File:Nicobar Islands.jpg
Nicobar Islands.jpg
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