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Amrit Kaur

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Rajkumari Amrit Kaur was a pioneering Indian activist and politician.

Amrit kaur sahiba
Amrit kaur sahiba

She played a vital role in shaping modern India. After the nation gained independence, she became the first woman to hold Cabinet rank. She served as India's first and longest-serving Health Minister from 1947 to 1957. Beyond health, she also managed the ministries for Sports and Urban Development. Her leadership helped build the systems that keep many Indian citizens healthy today.

Kaur's life followed a path of significant social and political change. She was born on February 2, 1887, in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Her father was Raja Sir Harnam Singh Ahluwalia, a member of a royal family. She received an elite education in England at Sherborne School for Girls. Later, she attended Oxford University before returning to India in 1918. This international background gave her a unique perspective on global and local issues.

Her political career was deeply connected to the Indian independence movement. She met Mahatma Gandhi in Bombay in 1919. Kaur worked as his secretary for 16 years. Their many written exchanges were later published in a book titled "Letters to Rajkumari Amrit Kaur." She became a critic of British rule after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919. This event involved British forces killing over 400 peaceful protestors in Amritsar. Kaur joined the Indian National Congress to fight for her country's freedom.

Kaur was also a dedicated advocate for social reform and women's rights. She co-founded the All India Women's Conference in 1927. She served as its secretary in 1930 and its president in 1933. Kaur campaigned to end child marriage and the practice of purdah. She also worked to abolish the devadasi system. Because of her activism, British authorities imprisoned her multiple times. She was jailed for her role in the 1930 Dandi March and the 1942 Quit India Movement.

As a leader in the new Indian government, she helped design the nation's foundation. Kaur was elected to the Constituent Assembly of India. This was the group responsible for framing the Constitution of India. She served on the Sub-Committee on Fundamental Rights and the Sub-Committee on Minorities. During these debates, she supported a Uniform Civil Code. She also championed universal suffrage, which is the right for all adults to vote.

Mahatma Gandhi with Rajkumari Amrit Kaur at Simla in 1945
Mahatma Gandhi with Rajkumari Amrit Kaur at Simla in 1945

Her work in healthcare transformed the lives of millions. In 1956, she introduced a bill to create the All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). This institution became a major center for medical research and education. Kaur also led massive campaigns to fight malaria and tuberculosis. She drove the largest B.C.G. vaccination program in the world.

Rajkumari Amrit Kaur receiving penicillin cases
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur receiving penicillin cases

She also helped establish the Indian Council of Child Welfare and the Amrit Kaur College of Nursing. Her influence extended to the Indian Red Cross, which she led for fourteen years.

Kaur's legacy is recognized both in India and around the world. In 1947, TIME Magazine named her Woman of the Year. She received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Princeton University in 1956. She was also appointed a Dame of the Order of Saint John in 1949. Even after her time as a minister, she remained active in the Rajya Sabha. She died in New Delhi on February 6, 1964. Today, her personal papers are preserved in the Nehru Memorial Museum & Library in Delhi.

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File:Mahatma Gandhi with Rajkumari Amrit Kaur at Simla in 1945.jpg
Mahatma Gandhi with Rajkumari Amrit Kaur...
File:Rajkumari Amrit Kaur receiving penicillin cases.jpg
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur receiving penicillin...
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