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Amir Hamzah

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Tengku Amir Hamzah was a celebrated Indonesian poet and a National Hero of Indonesia.

Amir Hamzah Monument
Amir Hamzah Monument

He is often called the "King of the Poedjangga Baroe-era Poets." This title recognizes him as a premier literary figure from the era before the Indonesian National Revolution. His work is noted for its high international quality. Hamzah's writing helped shape the modern Indonesian language through its unique style and depth. He used his talent to explore complex human emotions and spiritual questions.

Amir's poetic style was built on a careful use of language and structure. He utilized a diction that combined Malay and Javanese words. This blending allowed him to expand on traditional poetic structures. He focused heavily on rhythm and metre, which are the patterns of sounds in poetry. He also employed symbolism to give specific terms deeper meanings. His earlier poems often expressed themes of longing and idealized love. As he grew older, his work shifted toward deeper religious meaning.

Cover Poedjangga Baroe 1937
Cover Poedjangga Baroe 1937

Hamzah's literary output was quite significant for a single writer. He composed 50 poems and 18 pieces of lyrical prose. He also produced numerous translations of other works. Much of his writing appeared in the influential magazine *Poedjangga Baroe*. He co-founded this magazine in 1932 with Armijn Pane and Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana. To launch the publication, Amir sent 50 solicitation letters to various writers. Most of these letters were sent to contributors of the *Memadjoekan Sastera* section. This magazine became the primary home for his subsequent writings.

His most famous works were published in several distinct collections. *Nyanyi Sunyi*, or "Songs of Silence," was published in the magazine in 1937. This collection is considered his most developed work. In 1939, he published *Setanggi Timur*, or "Incense from the East," which contained his translations. His final collection, *Buah Rindu*, or "Fruits of Longing," arrived in 1941. These collections were eventually released as stand-alone books. He also wrote *Sastera Melayu Lama dan Raja-Rajanya* in 1942. This book was based on a radio speech he delivered.

Amir was born into the Malay aristocracy in the Sultanate of Langkat, North Sumatra.

Ilik Sundari by Amir Hamzah
Ilik Sundari by Amir Hamzah

His father was Vice Sultan Tengku Muhammad Adil. His mother was Tengku Mahjiwa. While his brother states he was born on February 11, 1911, the Indonesian government officially recognizes February 28, 1911. As a child, he studied Islamic principles like *fiqh* and *tawhid* at the Azizi Mosque. He remained a devout Muslim throughout his entire life. Despite his noble status, he often associated with non-nobles during his youth.

His education took him between Sumatra and Java, which influenced his perspectives. He attended a Dutch-language elementary school and later moved to Medan for middle school. He eventually moved to Batavia, now Jakarta, to study law. During his time in Java, he became involved in the nationalist movement. He met Ilik Sundari, a Javanese woman who became his muse.

Ilik Sundari by Amir Hamzah
Ilik Sundari by Amir Hamzah

Their relationship involved exchanging knowledge, as he taught her Arabic and she taught him Javanese. However, his life changed when he was recalled to Sumatra. In 1937, he married the Sultan's daughter, Tengku Puteri Kamiliah.

Amir Hamzah wedding
Amir Hamzah wedding

This marriage was part of his courtly duties as a prince.

In his later years, Amir served as a government representative in Langkat after Indonesia proclaimed independence in 1945. He also held leadership roles in the local Home Guard, known as the *Stadswacht*. He and his cousin, Tengku Harun, managed this division to defend Tanjung Pura. Sadly, his life ended during a social revolution in 1946 led by the group PESINDO. He was killed and buried in a mass grave.

Amir Hamzah Grave
Amir Hamzah Grave

Today, his legacy lives on through his poetry and his status as a national icon.

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File:Amir Hamzah wedding.JPG
Amir Hamzah wedding.JPG
File:Amir Hamzah Grave.jpg
Amir Hamzah Grave.jpg
File:Ilik Sundari by Amir Hamzah.jpg
Ilik Sundari by Amir Hamzah.jpg
File:Cover Poedjangga Baroe 1937.jpg
Cover Poedjangga Baroe 1937.jpg
File:Amir Hamzah Monument.jpg
Amir Hamzah Monument.jpg
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