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American Standard Version

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The American Standard Version (ASV) is a significant English translation of the Bible. It is officially known as the Revised Version or the Standard American Edition. The project reached completion in 1901 with the publication of the Old Testament. The New Testament portion had been released a year earlier in 1900. This translation is known by many different names in various contexts. Some call it the American Revised Version or the American Standard Revision. Others refer to it as the American Standard Revised Bible or the American Standard Edition. It represents a major effort to update older English biblical texts.

The history of the ASV is rooted in a massive revision project from 1870. That project aimed to update the King James Bible of 1611. This initial work eventually produced the English Revised Version (ERV) in the United Kingdom. American religious leaders were eventually invited to participate in the RV project. In 1871, a man named Philip Schaff selected thirty scholars for the American committee. These scholars represented many different denominations. These included the Baptist, Congregationalist, Dutch Reformed, and Friends groups. They also represented Methodists, Episcopals, Presbyterians, Protestant Episcopals, and Unitarians. The scholars officially began their work in 1872.

Several individuals played key roles in the creation of the New Testament portion. Three editors were notably the youngest members of the group. These were Dr. Timothy Dwight V, Dr. Joseph Henry Thayer, and Dr. Matthew B. Riddle. The British team completed the Revised Version in stages. They published the New Testament in 1881 and the Old Testament in 1885. The Apocrypha was published in 1894. Once the Apocrypha was finished, the British team disbanded. This timeline shows the long, careful process required for such a large translation.

Legal issues regarding copyright influenced how the text spread in the United States. After the British team finished, unauthorized copies of the RV appeared in America. These copies included suggestions made by the American team within the main text. This was possible due to a gap in copyright protection. The RV in the UK held a Crown copyright through Oxford and Cambridge University Presses. However, this protection did not extend to the United States. The text was not separately copyrighted in America. By 1898, Oxford and Cambridge published editions that included some American suggestions. Some of these editions featured the title "American Revised Version" on the spine.

A major feature of the ASV is its treatment of the Tetragrammaton. The Tetragrammaton is the divine name of the Almighty. The ASV renders this name as "Jehovah" in 6,823 places within the Old Testament. This was a departure from the King James Bible and the original Revised Version. In the King James Bible, the name appears in only seven specific verses. These include Genesis 22:14, Exodus 6:3, Exodus 17:15, Judges 6:24, Psalm 83:18, Isaiah 12:2, and Isaiah 26:4. It also appears in an abbreviated form, "Jah," in Psalm 68:4. The ASV scholars made a deliberate choice regarding this name.

The committee explained their reasoning for using "Jehovah" in their preface. They believed a specific Jewish superstition should no longer dominate English translations. This superstition held that the Divine Name was too sacred to be uttered. The American revisers reached a unanimous conviction to change this practice. This decision changed how the name appeared throughout the entire Old Testament. The ASV remains authorized for use in services for the Episcopal Church and the Church of England. The version officially entered the public domain on January 1, 1957. This occurred after its copyright expired.

The ASV has served as a foundational text for many later translations. Many modern Bibles use the ASV as a basis for their own revisions. For example, the Revised Standard Version was released in 1952. The Amplified Bible appeared in 1965, followed by the New American Standard Bible in 1971. Other versions like The Living Bible also emerged in 1971. More recent works include the World English Bible from 2000 and the American Literary Version from 2016. Even very recent updates like the Refreshed American Standard Version (2021) trace their roots back to this work. The ASV continues to influence how the Bible is translated into English.

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