Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

Amasis II

society Maturity 11-13 death dying war conflict Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: death_dying, war_conflict. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

Amasis II was a pharaoh of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty in ancient Egypt.

Egyptian - Head of King Amasis - Walters 22415
Egyptian - Head of King Amasis - Walters 22415

He ruled from approximately 570 to 526 BCE. He is remembered as the last great ruler before the Persian conquest. Unlike many pharaohs, he was not born into royalty. The Greek historian Herodotus recorded that Amasis had common origins. He began his career as an officer in the Egyptian army. He participated in a military campaign in Nubia in 592 BCE under Pharaoh Psamtik II. This background as a soldier shaped his rise to power.

A political revolt eventually brought Amasis to the throne. Egyptian soldiers were returning from a failed expedition to Cyrene in Libya. These troops felt betrayed by the reigning king, Apries. They believed Apries favored Greek mercenaries over native Egyptian soldiers. Amasis was sent to stop the revolt. Instead, the rebels proclaimed him their king. Amasis defeated Apries, who later attempted a final insurrection in 567 BCE. To make his rule legitimate, Amasis married Khedebneithirbinet II. She was a daughter of his predecessor, Apries.

Amasis managed a complex and diverse royal court. His family history is partially known through various artifacts. His mother was named Tashereniset. A stone block from Mehallet el-Kubra identifies his maternal grandmother as Tjenmutetj. Many important officials served under him. Ahmose-sa-Neith was the head of the gate guard and appeared on many monuments. Wahibre held the title of 'Leader of the southern foreigners.' He was responsible for border security. Another official, Udjahorresnet, began his career under Amasis. This doctor later became very important to the Persian Empire.

The reign of Amasis was a period of great wealth for Egypt. He was a philhellene, which means he was a lover of Greek culture. He established Naucratis as a commercial colony for Greek traders on the Nile. He also married a Greek princess named Ladice. Amasis built many monolithic shrines and monuments for Egyptian temples. One such shrine was excavated at Tell Nebesha. He even contributed 1,000 talents to help rebuild the temple of Delphi in Greece.

His influence extended beyond Egypt to include Cyprus.

Amasis faced many military threats during his rule. In 568 or 567 BCE, the Babylonians invaded Egypt. They were led by King Nebuchadnezzar II. A Babylonian inscription confirms this invasion. While the Babylonians initially gained a foothold, Amasis' forces repelled them. This success forced Nebuchadnezzar II to abandon plans to conquer Egypt. Later, the rise of the Persian Empire created a new danger. Cyrus the Great destroyed Lydia and the Babylonians, leaving Amasis with few allies. Amasis spent his final years trying to build ties with Greek states to prepare for Persia.

Herodotus tells stories of the clever and sometimes tricky nature of Amasis. He was seen as a ruler with great practical wisdom. One story involves a golden footbath used to teach a lesson about respect.

Bronze footbath with its stand MET DP116950
Bronze footbath with its stand MET DP116950

When people disrespected him for his common birth, he turned the footbath into a golden statue. After the people worshipped it, he revealed its true, humble purpose. He wanted to show that respect should be earned by the man, not just the object. He also believed in balancing work with relaxation. He compared a ruler to an archer who must not keep a bow constantly stretched.

Amasis died in 526 BCE, shortly before the Persian onslaught. His son, Psamtik III, became the next pharaoh. However, Psamtik III reigned for only six months. The Persians defeated him in 525 BCE at the Battle of Pelusium. This event ended the Twenty-sixth Dynasty. Herodotus claims the Persian king Cambyses II later desecrated the mummy of Amasis. Despite the loss of independence, the era of Amasis remains a significant period of Egyptian prosperity and international connection.

618 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Polykrates with Pharao Amasis II.jpg
Polykrates with Pharao Amasis II.jpg
File:Statue of Tasherenese, mother of king Amasis II, 570-526 BCE, from Egypt, currently housed in the British Museum.jpg
Statue of Tasherenese, mother of king...
File:Egyptian - Head of King Amasis - Walters 22415.jpg
Egyptian - Head of King Amasis - Walters 22415.jpg
File:Bronze footbath with its stand MET DP116950.jpg
Bronze footbath with its stand MET DP116950.jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.