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Alfred Wegener

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Alfred Lothar Wegener was a versatile German scientist who studied the Earth and its atmosphere.

Alfred Wegener 1910
Alfred Wegener 1910

He was born in Berlin on November 1, 1880. Wegener worked in several scientific fields, including meteorology, geophysics, and astronomy. He is most famous today for proposing the continental drift hypothesis. This theory suggested that the continents slowly move across the Earth's surface. While he was a pioneer in polar research, his ideas about the moving continents were not accepted by the scientific community until decades after his death.

De Wegener Kontinente 018
De Wegener Kontinente 018

Wegener's academic journey began at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin. He studied physics, meteorology, and astronomy. His teachers included the famous physicist Max Planck, who taught him about thermodynamics. Planck's work in thermodynamics is the study of heat and energy. Wegener completed his doctoral dissertation in 1905, focusing on astronomical data. Although he earned a doctorate in astronomy, he focused his career on meteorology and climatology. He wanted to connect different sciences, like geophysics and geology, to understand the whole planet.

In 1912, Wegener presented his first formal proposal for continental drift. He argued that the continents were not fixed in place. He presented this idea to the Geologische Vereinigung in Frankfurt am Main. Later that year, he published a long article to explain his theory. At the time, most geologists rejected his ideas. They did not have a mechanism to explain how continents could move. It was not until the 1950s that scientists discovered palaeomagnetism. This is the study of the record of the Earth's magnetic field in rocks. This discovery provided the evidence needed to support his ideas. This eventually led to the modern model of plate tectonics.

Plates tect2 en
Plates tect2 en

Wegener was a dedicated explorer of the Arctic. He participated in four major expeditions to Greenland. During his first trip in 1906, he built the first meteorological station in Greenland. He used kites and tethered balloons to collect data on the Arctic climate. His second expedition took place from 1912 to 1913 with Johan Peter Koch. They were the first people to winter on the inland ice of northeast Greenland. During this trip, they used an auger to drill 25 meters into the ice. The team faced extreme hunger and had to eat their ponies and dogs to survive. They were eventually rescued by a clergyman near a fjord.

Wegener Expedition-1912 008
Wegener Expedition-1912 008

Beyond the continents, Wegener made many discoveries about weather and climate. He was a leader in the field of paleoclimatology. This is the study of the climates of the geological past. He worked with his father-in-law, Wladimir Köppen, to reconstruct ancient climates. Wegener also studied tornadoes and their structures. In 1917, he published a study on European tornado climatology. He even investigated a meteorite called the Treysa meteorite. His ability to explain complex topics made him a respected lecturer at the University of Marburg and the University of Hamburg.

Marburg, Gedenktafel für Alfred Wegener
Marburg, Gedenktafel für Alfred Wegener

Wegener's final expedition occurred in 1930. He led a team of 14 people to Greenland. The goal was to measure the thickness of the ice sheet. The team used innovative propeller-driven snowmobiles to travel across the ice.

Wegener Expedition-1930 18
Wegener Expedition-1930 18

However, the expedition fell six weeks behind schedule due to a late thaw. In late September, Wegener set out on a dog sled to deliver supplies to a central camp. The weather was extremely cold during this journey. Sadly, Wegener died during this mission. His work remains a foundation for how we understand the movement of our planet today.

Wegener Expedition-1930 026 (retuschiert)
Wegener Expedition-1930 026 (retuschiert)
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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Alfred-Wegener-Gedenktafel, Wallstraße 42, Berlin-Mitte, 533-639.jpg
Alfred-Wegener-Gedenktafel, Wallstraße...
File:Alfred Wegener 1910.jpg
Alfred Wegener 1910.jpg
File:Marburg, Gedenktafel für Alfred Wegener.jpg
Marburg, Gedenktafel für Alfred Wegener.jpg
File:Wegener Expedition-1930 026 (retuschiert).jpg
Wegener Expedition-1930 026 (retuschiert).jpg
File:Wegener Expedition-1930 18.jpg
Wegener Expedition-1930 18.jpg
File:De Wegener Kontinente 018.jpg
De Wegener Kontinente 018.jpg
File:Snider-Pellegrini Wegener fossil map.svg
Snider-Pellegrini Wegener fossil map.svg
File:Wegener Expedition-1912 008.jpg
Wegener Expedition-1912 008.jpg
File:Plates tect2 en.svg
Plates tect2 en.svg
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