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Al-Khwarizmi

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Al-Khwarizmi was a brilliant scholar who lived during the Islamic Golden Age.

1983 CPA 5426 (1)
1983 CPA 5426 (1)

He was a mathematician, astronomer, and geographer. Most of his work happened around the year 820 CE. He worked in Baghdad at a famous place called the House of Wisdom. This was a major center for science and trade. He was appointed as the head of the library there. He also served as an astronomer for the Abbasid Caliphate.

Dixit algorizmi
Dixit algorizmi

He is often called the father of algebra. This name comes from his famous book, Al-Jabr.

Image-Al-Kitāb al-muḫtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-ğabr wa-l-muqābala
Image-Al-Kitāb al-muḫtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-ğabr wa-l-muqābala

He taught people how to solve math problems using two main ways. The first way was called "restoration" or "completion." This meant adding numbers to both sides of an equation to fix it. The second way was called "balancing" or "reduction." This meant moving parts of a problem to the other side to make them equal. He even showed how to solve equations by completing the square using shapes.

Al-Khwarizmi's life began in a region called Khwarazm.

Corpus Christ College MS 283 (1)
Corpus Christ College MS 283 (1)

His name actually means "from Khwarazm." This area is part of what is now Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Even though he was of Persian stock, he wrote all his books in Arabic. He lived roughly between the years 780 and 850 CE. He studied many different ideas from Greek and Indian scholars. He used these ideas to create his own new methods for math.

His work changed how people in many lands used numbers. He wrote a book about Indian arithmetic around the year 820.

Houghton Typ 520.03.736 - Margarita philosophica
Houghton Typ 520.03.736 - Margarita philosophica

This book helped spread the decimal-based number system to Europe. In the 12th century, Latin translations brought his ideas to Western universities. His name is even the reason we use the word "algorithm" today. This word describes a set of steps to solve a task. His book Al-Jabr was a main textbook for students until the 16th century.

Al-Khwarizmi did much more than just study algebra. He was also very interested in the world around him. He worked on a project to find the size of the Earth.

World map by Al-Khwarizmi
World map by Al-Khwarizmi

He also helped make a world map for the Caliph al-Ma'mun. He oversaw 70 geographers to help with this big job. He made tables for stars and studied tools like the sundial. He even made accurate tables for trigonometry, which uses sine and cosine. His many discoveries helped build the foundation for modern science.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Image-Al-Kitāb al-muḫtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-ğabr wa-l-muqābala.jpg
Image-Al-Kitāb al-muḫtaṣar fī ḥisāb...
File:Houghton Typ 520.03.736 - Margarita philosophica.jpg
Houghton Typ 520.03.736 - Margarita...
File:Dixit algorizmi.png
Dixit algorizmi.png
File:Corpus Christ College MS 283 (1).png
Corpus Christ College MS 283 (1).png
File:World map by Al-Khwarizmi.svg
World map by Al-Khwarizmi.svg
File:PtolemyWorldMap.jpg
PtolemyWorldMap.jpg
File:Earliest extant map of the Nile, in al-Khwārazmī’s Kitāb ṣūrat al- arḍ.jpg
Earliest extant map of the Nile, in...
File:1983 CPA 5426 (1).png
1983 CPA 5426 (1).png
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