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Ahn Sahng-hong

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Ahn Sahng-hong was a South Korean religious leader who founded the Church of God. He lived from January 13, 1918, to February 25, 1985. His life and teachings created a movement that later split into different religious groups. These groups continue to interpret his work in very different ways today. One group views him as a divine figure, while another sees him as a teacher. This division stems from how they understand his specific biblical interpretations and his role in salvation.

Ahn's religious path began after he was baptized by a Seventh-day Adventist minister in 1948. He eventually became critical of the teachings within that denomination. In March 1962, the Seventh-day Adventist Church disfellowshipped him. This action led twenty-three people to leave the church and follow Ahn. On April 28, 1964, he established the Church of God in the Haeundae District of Busan. He chose this name based on the First Epistle to the Corinthians and the First Epistle to Timothy. By the time of his death in 1985, his movement had grown to thirteen congregations in South Korea.

The core of Ahn's teaching was the restoration of the New Covenant of the Early Church. He believed the truths of the apostolic era had been distorted over time. He taught that the Old Covenant feasts were transformed into New Covenant feasts through Christ's sacrifice. These include the Passover, the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the day of First Fruits, Pentecost, the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement, and the Feast of Tabernacles. Ahn insisted that keeping these seven feasts was necessary for salvation. He also taught that the Sabbath must be observed on Saturday rather than Sunday. Additionally, he viewed the cross as a form of idolatry and required women to wear veils during worship.

Ahn's writings provided the foundation for his complex theology. He published more than twenty-four books during his life. His most representative work, "The Mystery of God and the Spring of the Water of Life," was published in 1980. In this book, he offered various interpretations of Bible prophecies regarding the Second Coming of Christ. He claimed the Second Coming would appear in the flesh to fulfill specific prophecies. These included the mission of Elijah, the parable of the fig tree, the prophecy of King David, and the prophecy of Melchizedek. He also taught that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are one and the same Holy Spirit.

Ahn's death on February 25, 1985, at Maryknoll Hospital triggered a significant succession struggle. He had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and died at the age of 67. His followers interpreted his death through the lens of his own biblical interpretations. Ahn had claimed that King David's 40-year reign was a prophecy for Christ. He suggested Christ would receive a spiritual anointing at age 30 and then carry out a 40-year ministry. Since Jesus preached for only three years before ascending, Ahn argued Christ must return in the flesh to complete the remaining 37 years. Because Ahn was baptized in 1948 at age 30, his followers believe his death in 1985 fulfilled this 37-year prophecy.

Following his death, the movement split into two primary organizations. The first is the World Mission Society Church of God. This group includes 11 of the original 13 churches. They recognize Kim Joo-cheol as the successor and Zahng Gil-jah as the "spiritual bride" or "Heavenly Mother." They believe Ahn Sahng-hong was the Second Coming Christ and the Holy Spirit. They also changed their prayer practice to be conducted in the name of Christ Ahn Sahng-hong. Around 1997, they established a non-profit organization to manage their assets.

The second group is the New Covenant Passover Church of God. This group was formed in April 1985 by two churches, including the ones in Busan and Ulsan. This group includes Ahn's wife and three children. They initially opposed the doctrine of God the Mother, though they later acknowledged Ahn as the Second Coming Christ. However, they continue to pray in the name of Jesus rather than Ahn. They maintain that Ahn was a teacher and emphasize his handwritten notes and books. This group's views on the "spiritual bride" differ significantly from the World Mission Society.

The disagreement over the "spiritual bride" is a central point of contention. Ahn's writings contained different descriptions of this figure. In one context, he interpreted the Bride of Christ as the church or the saints. In another passage regarding the six-day creation, he mentioned the Spirit and the Bride appearing in the last days. The World Mission Society interprets this as two separate saviors, including a female deity. The New Covenant Passover Church of God rejects the idea of a "God the Mother." They also point to a woman named Um Soo-in, who claimed to be the spiritual bride in 1982, but was expelled after Ahn refuted her claims.

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